Tenacibaculum

Tenacibaculum is a Gram-negative and motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.[1][2][3][4]

Tenacibaculum soleae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacteroidetes
Class:
Flavobacteria
Order:
Flavobacteriales
Family:
Flavobacteriaceae
Genus:
Tenacibaculum

Suzuki et al. 2001[1]
Type species
Tenacibaculum maritimum[1]
Species

T. adriaticum[1]
T. aestuarii[1]
T. aestuariivivum[1]
T. agarivorans[1]
T. aiptasiae[1]
T. amylolyticum[1]
T. ascidiaceicola[1]
T. caenipelagi[1]
T. crassostreae[1]
T. dicentrarchi[1]
T. discolor[1]
T. gallaicum[1]
T. geojense[1]
T. haliotis[1]
T. holothuriorum[1]
T. insulae[1]
T. jejuense[1]
T. litopenaei[1]
T. litoreum[1]
T. lutimaris[1]
T. maritimum[1]
T. mesophilum[1]
T. ovolyticum[1]
T. sediminilitoris[1]
T. skagerrakense[1]
T. soleae[1]
T. todarodis[1]
T. xiamenense[1]

Synonyms

Haerentibaculum[2]

Many opportunistic pathogens for fish species are included in the genus Tenacibaculum including Tenacibaculum maritimum, Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum gallaicum, and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. These pathogens cause a ulcerative disease known as tenacibaculosis.[5] Characteristics of tenacibaculosis include lesions on the body, necrosis, frayed fin, tail rot, eroded mouth, and sometimes necrosis on the gills and eyes.[5] The disease can lead to mortality and can leave afflicted species susceptible to secondary infections from the open lesions. Tenacibaculosis is also known as salt water columnaris disease, gliding bacterial disease of sea fish, bacterial stomatitis, eroded mouth syndrome, and black patch necrosis.[5]

Etiology

Diagnosis of the disease is conducted through cultivation and biochemical characterization.[6] T. maritimum is also detectable internally through real-time RT-PCR.[7] The bacterium targets teeth, which is high in the calcium needed to promote their growth.[8] T. maritimum can also be isolated from the kidney, suggesting it is systematic.[7]

Affected Species

Many fish species around the world are affected by tenacibaculosis caused by T. maritimum. Species in Japan that are affected by tenacibaculosis include the black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegei,[9] red sea bream Pagrus major,[9] Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceous,[10] Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata,[10] and Rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus.[9] In Europe, affected species include Dover sole Solea solea,[11] Turbot Scophthalmus maximus,[12][13] Atlantic salmon Salmo salar,[14] Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata [15] in Spain, and Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax [16] in France. In North America, white sea bass Atractoscion nobilis, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, and Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytscha [17] were found to be afflicted by T. maritimum. In Australia, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, striped trumpeter Latris lineata, greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina, yellow-eye mullet Aldrichetta forsteri, and black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri [18] were also afflicted.

T. solea caused tenacibaculosis in fish species sole Solea senegalensis Kaup,[19] brill Scophthalmus rhombus, and wedge sole Dicologoglossa cuneata [20]

T. discolor was found isolated from fish species D. labrax in Italy.[21]

T. dicentrarchi was discovered on the Chilean red conger eel Genypterus chilensis.[22]

Tenacibaculum has also been the cause of mortalitity in shellfish species as well. Tenacibaculum soleae has been seen to cause mortality in adult Pacific oysters 11 days post infection.[23]

References
  1. "Genus: Tenacibaculum". lpsn.dsmz.de.
  2. "Tenacibaculum".
  3. George M., Garrity (2011). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4.
  4. Parker, Charles Thomas; Wigley, Sarah; Garrity, George M. (2009). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Taxonomy of the genus Tenacibaculum Suzuki et al. 2001". doi:10.1601/tx.8192. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben; Toranzo, Alicia E.; Magariños, Beatriz (August 30, 2006). "Tenacibaculosis infection in marine fish caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: a review". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 71 (3): 255–266. doi:10.3354/dao071255. PMID 17058606.
  6. Fernández-Álvarez, Clara; Santos, Ysabel (1 December 2018). "Identification and typing of fish pathogenic species of the genus Tenacibaculum". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 102 (23): 9973–9989. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9370-1. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 30291367. S2CID 52922981.
  7. Frisch, Kathleen; Småge, Sverre Bang; Johansen, Renate; Duesund, Henrik; Brevik, Øyvind Jakobsen; Nylund, Are (1 November 2018). "Pathology of experimentally induced mouthrot caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts". PLOS ONE. 13 (11): e0206951. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1306951F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206951. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6211739. PMID 30383870.
  8. HIKIDA, Muneo; WAKABAYASHI, Hisatsugu; EGUSA, Syuzo; MASUMURA, Kazuhiko (1979). "Flexibacter sp., a gliding bacterium pathogenic to some marine fishes in Japan". Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 45 (4): 421–428. doi:10.2331/suisan.45.421. ISSN 1349-998X.
  9. WAKABAYASHI, H.; HIKIDA, M.; MASUMURA, K. (1986). "Flexibacter maritimus sp. nov., a Pathogen of Marine Fishes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 36 (3): 396–398. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-3-396. ISSN 1466-5026.
  10. BAXA, Dolores V; KAWAI, Kenji; KUSUDA, Riichi (1986). "Characteristics of gliding bacteria isolated from diseased cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous". Fish Pathology. 21 (4): 251–258. doi:10.3147/jsfp.21.251. ISSN 0388-788X.
  11. McVicar, A. H.; White, P. G. (1 January 1982). "The prevention and cure of an infectious disease in cultivated juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea (L.)". Aquaculture. 26 (3): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90157-0. ISSN 0044-8486.
  12. Alsina, M.; Blanch, A. R. (Department of Microbiology (1993). "First isolation of Flexibacter maritimus from cultivated turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists (United Kingdom).
  13. Devesa, S.; Barja, J. L.; Toranzo, A. E. (1989). "Ulcerative skin and fin lesions in reared turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 12 (4): 323–333. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00321.x. ISSN 1365-2761.
  14. Pazos, F; Santos, Y; Núñez, S; Toranzo, AE (1993). "INCREASING OCCURRENCE OF FLEXIBACTER MARITIMUS IN RHE MARINE AQUACULTURE OF SPAIN". Observatorio Español de Acuicultura (in Spanish). 21 (3).
  15. Avendaño-Herrera, R.; Rodríguez, J.; Magariños, B.; Romalde, J. L.; Toranzo, A. E. (2004). "Intraspecific diversity of the marine fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 96 (4): 871–877. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02217.x. ISSN 1364-5072. PMID 15012827. S2CID 23186654.
  16. Pepin, Jean-Francois; Emery, Eric (1 January 1993). "Marine cytophaga-like bacteria (CLB) isolated from diseased reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) from French mediterranean coast". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 13 (5): 165–167. ISSN 0108-0288.
  17. Chen, M. E.; Henry‐Ford, D.; Groff, J. M. (1995). "Isolation and Characterization of Flexibacter maritimus from Marine Fishes of California". Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 7 (4): 318–326. doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1995)007<0318:IACOMF>2.3.CO;2. ISSN 1548-8667.
  18. Handlinger, J.; Soltani, M.; Percival, S. (1997). "The pathology of Flexibacter maritimus in aquaculture species in Tasmania, Australia". Journal of Fish Diseases. 20 (3): 159–168. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00288.x. ISSN 1365-2761.
  19. Piñeiro-Vidal, Maximino; Carballas, Cristina G.; Gómez-Barreiro, Oscar; Riaza, Ana; Santos, Ysabel (2008). "Tenacibaculum soleae sp. nov., isolated from diseased sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (4): 881–885. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65539-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 18398187.
  20. López, J. R.; Piñeiro‐Vidal, M.; García‐Lamas, N.; Herran, R. De La; Navas, J. I.; Hachero‐Cruzado, I.; Santos, Y. (2010). "First isolation of Tenacibaculum soleae from diseased cultured wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau), and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus (L.)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 33 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01105.x. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 19878529.
  21. Habib, Christophe; Houel, Armel; Lunazzi, Aurélie; Bernardet, Jean-François; Olsen, Anne Berit; Nilsen, Hanne; Toranzo, Alicia E.; Castro, Nuria; Nicolas, Pierre; Duchaud, Eric (1 September 2014). "Multilocus Sequence Analysis of the Marine Bacterial Genus Tenacibaculum Suggests Parallel Evolution of Fish Pathogenicity and Endemic Colonization of Aquaculture Systems". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (17): 5503–5514. doi:10.1128/AEM.01177-14. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 4136090. PMID 24973065. S2CID 22540951.
  22. Irgang, R.; González‐Luna, R.; Gutiérrez, J.; Poblete‐Morales, M.; Rojas, V.; Tapia‐Cammas, D.; Avendaño‐Herrera, R. (2017). "First identification and characterization of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi isolated from Chilean red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis, Guichenot 1848)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 40 (12): 1915–1920. doi:10.1111/jfd.12643. hdl:10533/232804. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 28548691.
  23. Burioli, E. a. V.; Varello, K.; Trancart, S.; Bozzetta, E.; Gorla, A.; Prearo, M.; Houssin, M. (2018). "First description of a mortality event in adult Pacific oysters in Italy associated with infection by a Tenacibaculum soleae strain". Journal of Fish Diseases. 41 (2): 215–221. doi:10.1111/jfd.12698. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 28836671.

Further reading


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