Thioalkalivibrio

Thioalkalivibrio nitratis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Chromatiales
Family:	Ectothiorhodospiraceae
Genus:	Thioalkalivibrio; Sorokin et al. 2001[1]
Type species
	Thioalkalivibrio versutus[1];
Species[1]
	T. denitrificans; T. halophilus; T. jannaschii; T. nitratireducens; T. nitratis; T. paradoxus; T. sulfidiphilus; T. thiocyanodenitrificans; T. thiocyanoxidans; T. versutus
Synonyms
	Thioalcalovibrio[2]

Thioalkalivibrio is a Gram-negative, mostly halophilic bacterial genus of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae.[1][2][3][4]

Occurrence

In the last decade, several species of Thioalkalivibrio have been discovered, but these chemolithoautotrophic, haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria had only been found in soda lakes in alkaline and saline habitats. However, Sorokin and colleagues, (2012) isolated and grew out a novel Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus, strain HL-EbGr7T, from a full-scale wastewater bioreactor after the hydrogen sulfide gas had been removed/[5]

Structure

The Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus strain HL-EbGr7T cells is long, slender, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria with a polar flagellum for motility. It has a gram-negative cell wall and the colonies are up to 2 mm in diameter.[5]

Genetics

Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus strain HL-EbGr7T is closely related to Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans within the Gammaproteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene. It contains a singular chromosome that is 3.46 Mbp with a G+C content of 65.06% and 3,366 genes.[6]

Metabolism

Strain HL-EBGrtT was obligately aerobic, could not use nitrite or nitrate as a nitrogen source, but could use urea and ammonia. It grew on both thiosulfate and sulfide, showing preference for sulfide. It also oxidized polysulfide, elemental sulfur and tetrathionate. It was sensitive to fully aerobic conditions, grew optimally at pH of 10, a salt content of 0.4 M and an optimal temperature of 35°Celsius. It was sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline and rifampicin.[5]

References

"Genus Thioalkalivibrio". LPSN. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature.
"Taxonomy - Thioalkalivibrio". UniProt.
Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT (2005). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-28022-7.
Seckbach J, Oren A, Stan-Lotter H (2013). Polyextremophiles life under multiple forms of stress. Dordrecht: Springe r. ISBN 978-94-007-6488-0.
Sorokin DY, Muntyan MS, Panteleeva AN, Muyzer G (August 2012). "Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic, sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium from alkaline habitats". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 8): 1884–9. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.034504-0. PMID 21984678.
Muyzer G, Sorokin DY, Mavromatis K, Lapidus A, Clum A, Ivanova N, et al. (February 2011). "Complete genome sequence of "Thioalkalivibrio sulfidophilus" HL-EbGr7". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 4 (1): 23–35. doi:10.4056/sigs.1483693. PMC 3072093. PMID 21475584.

Berben T, Sorokin DY, Ivanova N, Pati A, Kyrpides N, Goodwin LA, et al. (26 October 2015). "Partial genome sequence of Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans ARhD 1(T), a chemolithoautotrophic haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium capable of complete denitrification". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 10 (1): 84. doi:10.1186/s40793-015-0080-3. PMC 4624374. PMID 26512309.
Koki H, Garabed A, Alan T B, Frank T R, Karl O S (2010). Extremophiles Handbook. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-4-431-53897-4.
Atlas RM (2010). Handbook of microbiological media (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Boca Raton, Fla. ISBN 978-1-4398-0408-7.
Kroneck PM, Torres ME (2014). The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment. Springer. ISBN 978-94-017-9269-1.

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[Thioalkalivibrio-1] "Genus Thioalkalivibrio". LPSN. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature.

[UniProt-2] "Taxonomy - Thioalkalivibrio". UniProt.

[3] Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT (2005). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-28022-7.

[4] Seckbach J, Oren A, Stan-Lotter H (2013). Polyextremophiles life under multiple forms of stress. Dordrecht: Springe r. ISBN 978-94-007-6488-0.

[:0-5] Sorokin DY, Muntyan MS, Panteleeva AN, Muyzer G (August 2012). "Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic, sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium from alkaline habitats". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 8): 1884–9. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.034504-0. PMID 21984678.

[6] Muyzer G, Sorokin DY, Mavromatis K, Lapidus A, Clum A, Ivanova N, et al. (February 2011). "Complete genome sequence of "Thioalkalivibrio sulfidophilus" HL-EbGr7". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 4 (1): 23–35. doi:10.4056/sigs.1483693. PMC 3072093. PMID 21475584.