Thomas J. Kelly (scientist)

Thomas J. Kelly is an American cancer researcher whose work focuses on the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication. Kelly is director of the Sloan-Kettering Institute,[3][4] the basic research arm of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He holds the Center's Benno C. Schmidt Chair of Cancer Research.

Thomas J. Kelly
NationalityAmerican
Alma materJohns Hopkins University
AwardsLouisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University[1] Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation.[2]
Scientific career
FieldsMolecular biology, biochemistry
InstitutionsSloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Before joining Sloan-Kettering in 2002, Kelly was professor and director of the Department of Molecular Biology[5] and Genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences.[4][6]

Kelly pioneered the study of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells by using DNA viruses as model systems.[7] His laboratory developed the first cell-free systems for studying the biochemistry of DNA replication in human cells, enabling the identification and functional characterization of components of the human replication machinery.[8]

In recognition of this work he received the 2004 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation[9] and the 2010 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University.[10][11]

Career

Kelly earned a Ph.D. in biophysics in 1968[12] and an M.D. in 1969. While a postdoctoral fellow with Hamilton O. Smith at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine during 1969-70,[13] Kelly determined the DNA sequences recognized by type II restriction enzymes, which subsequently became major tools in recombinant DNA research.[14] In 1970 he moved to the National Institutes of Health as a member of the United States Public Health Service and conducted research on the DNA viruses, adenovirus and SV40, which cause tumors in animals.[15] He joined the faculty in the Department of Microbiology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1972, where he began to exploit viruses as potentially powerful model systems for exploring the mechanisms of DNA replication in human cells.[16]

Using proteins derived from human cells, he and his colleagues developed the first cell-free DNA replication systems capable of duplicating the complete genomes of adenovirus and SV40.[17] The SV40 system proved to be a particularly useful system because SV40 relies largely on the cellular replication machinery for the duplication of its genome. Thus, biochemical analysis of the SV40 system made it possible to identify and functionally characterize proteins and enzymes that carry out the duplication of the chromosomal DNA in human cells.[18] In subsequent work Kelly and colleagues have shifted their focus from studying the machinery of DNA replication to the mechanism that controls it. Studying these mechanisms are essential for ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication during the cell cycle in human cells and in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which is highly significant in understanding cancer.[19][20][21]

Since 2002, Kelly has been the director of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, where he has expanded or re-invigorated some of its laboratory research programs.[22] Kelly also led the establishment of the Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, which provides a novel curriculum in basic and translational cancer biology leading to the Ph.D. degree.[23][24]

Honors

Awards

References
  1. "Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize". Columbia University Medical Center. 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  2. "Thomas Kelly Wins General Motors Cancer Research Award". 2004-06-09.
  3. "Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute External Advisory Board". Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  4. "NIH Director Welcomes Five New Members to the Advisory Committee to the Director". National Institutes of Health. January 31, 2008.
  5. "Awards, Appointments, Announcements". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 94 (3): 165–166. 2002. doi:10.1093/jnci/94.3.165.
  6. "Kari Evans, Mark Kelly Wedding Announcement". The New York Times. 2007-11-11.
  7. Kelly, Thomas J., Brown, Grant W. (July 2000). "Regulation of Chromosome Replication". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 69: 829–880. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.829. PMID 10966477.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. Kelly, Thomas J.; Stillman, Bruce (2006). "Duplication of DNA in Eukaryotic Cells" (PDF). In DePamphilis, Melvin L (ed.). DNA Replication and Human Disease. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 1–29. ISBN 978-0-87969-766-2.
  9. "2004 Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation". Landesbioscience.com. 1979-05-02. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
  10. "Honoring Two Pioneers of Genetics and Cancer Research". Columbia University. 2011-02-28.
  11. "The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry". Columbia University Medical Center. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  12. "Department of Biophysics Alumni". 1968.
  13. Thomas J. Kelly Jr., New York, Retrieved on March 5, 2013
  14. Kelly, Thomas J.; Smith, Hamilton O. (1970). "A restriction enzyme from Hemophilus influenzae: II. Base sequence of the recognition site". Journal of Molecular Biology. 51 (2): 393–409. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(70)90150-6. PMID 5312501.
  15. Kelly, T J; Rose, J A (1971). "Simian virus 40 integration site in an adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 hybrid DNA molecule". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 68 (5): 1037–41. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.1037K. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.5.1037. PMC 389108. PMID 4324999.
  16. "NIH, Scientific Management Review Board, Thomas Kelly, M.D., Ph.D."U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, March 4, 2013
  17. Kelly TJ, Rosenfeld PJ, Wides RJ, O'Neill EA, Li JJ, Wold MS (December 15, 1987). "Replication of adenovirus and SV40 chromosomes in vitro". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 317 (1187): 429–438. Bibcode:1987RSPTB.317..429K. doi:10.1098/rstb.1987.0070. PMID 2894680.
  18. "Article 03577". New Leadership at Memorial Sloan-Kettering. Charity Wire. 2001-12-26.
  19. "Sloan-Kettering Institute, Molecular Biology, Thomas J. Kelly". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  20. Brush, GeorgeS., Anderson, Carl W., and Kelly, Thomas J. (December 1994). "The DNA-activated protein kinase is required for the phosphorylation of replication protein A during simian virus 40 DNA replication" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91 (26): 12520–12524. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9112520B. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12520. PMC 45470. PMID 7809070. Retrieved March 8, 2013.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. Brown, Grant W. & Kelly, Thomas J. (July 1999). "Cell cycle regulation of Dfp1, an activator of the Hsk1" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96 (15): 8443–8448. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.8443B. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8443. PMC 17535. PMID 10411894.
  22. "The JHU Gazette - May 24, 2010". Issuu.com. 2010-05-24. p. 12. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
  23. "Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Starts New Graduate School". Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 2005-07-26.
  24. Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Thomas J. Kelly's Welcome, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Retrieved on March 5, 2013
  25. AAAS Annual Report 2006 Pp. 24, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Retrieved on March 5, 2013
  26. "Society of Scholars, 1969 to Present". Johns Hopkins University. 2010.
  27. "Recipients Identified Steps of DNA Replication Fundamental to Cancer Research". Columbia University. December 6, 2010.
  28. Thomas Kelly Wins General Motors Cancer Research Award, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Retrieved on March 5, 2013
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