Tolerable daily intake

Tolerable daily intake (TDI) refers to the daily amount of a chemical that has been assessed safe for human being on long-term basis (usually whole lifetime). Originally acceptable daily intake (ADI) was introduced in 1961 to define the daily intake of a food additive which, during the entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk.[1] For contaminants and other foreign chemicals not used intentionally, the term TDI is often preferred.[2] Both ADI and TDI are usually assessed based on animal experiments, and it is most often hundreds of times lower than the dose causing no observable adverse effect (NOAEL) in the most sensitive tested animal species.[1][3] Because the uncertainty factors (safety factors) may vary depending on the quality of data and the type of adverse effect, TDI values are not good estimates of the harmfulness of chemicals, and must be considered administrative tools to set allowable limits for chemicals, rather than scientific measures. The threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical substance is a level to which it is believed a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects.

References

Faustman, Elaine M.; Omenn, Gilbert S. (2001). "Risk assessment". In Klaassen, Curtis D. (ed.). Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 92–4. ISBN 978-0-07-134721-1.
"Consultation on assessment of the health risk of dioxins; re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI): Executive Summary". Food Additives and Contaminants. 17 (4): 223–40. 2000. doi:10.1080/713810655. PMID 10912238.
Renwick, A. G. (1999). "Toxicokinetics". In Ballantyne, Bryan; Mars, Tore; Syversen, Timothy (eds.). General and Applied Toxicology (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan Reference. pp. 91–2. ISBN 978-1-56159-242-5.

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[Faustman-1] Faustman, Elaine M.; Omenn, Gilbert S. (2001). "Risk assessment". In Klaassen, Curtis D. (ed.). Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 92–4. ISBN 978-0-07-134721-1.

[2] "Consultation on assessment of the health risk of dioxins; re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI): Executive Summary". Food Additives and Contaminants. 17 (4): 223–40. 2000. doi:10.1080/713810655. PMID 10912238.

[3] Renwick, A. G. (1999). "Toxicokinetics". In Ballantyne, Bryan; Mars, Tore; Syversen, Timothy (eds.). General and Applied Toxicology (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan Reference. pp. 91–2. ISBN 978-1-56159-242-5.