Toponomics

Toponomics is a discipline in systems biology, molecular cell biology, and histology concerning the study of the toponome of organisms.[1][2] It is the field of study that purposes to decode the complete toponome in health and disease (the human toponome project)[3]—which is the next big challenge in human biotechnology after having decoded the human genome.[3][4]

Not to be confused with Toponymy.

A toponome is the spatial network code of proteins and other biomolecules in morphologically intact cells and tissues.[2][5]

The spatial organization of biomolecules in cells is directly revealed by imaging cycler microscopy with parameter- and dimension-unlimited functional resolution. The resulting toponome structures are hierarchically organized and can be described by a three symbol code.[1][5][6][7]

Etymology

The terms toponome and toponomics were introduced in 2003 by Walter Schubert based on observations with imaging cycler microscopes (ICM).[1]

Toponome derived from the ancient Greek nouns topos (τόπος, 'place, position') and 'nomos' (νόμος, 'law'). Hence toponomics is a descriptive term addressing the fact that the spatial network of biomolecules in cells follows topological rules enabling coordinated actions.[1]

References
  1. Schubert, W (2003). Topological Proteomics, Toponomics, MELK-Technology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. 83. pp. 189–209. doi:10.1007/3-540-36459-5_8. ISBN 978-3-540-00546-9. PMID 12934931.
  2. Schubert, W (2013). "Toponomics". "Toponomics" in Dubitzky, Wolkenhauer, Cho, Yokota. Encyclopedia of Systems Biology. Springer New York. pp. 2191–2212. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_631. ISBN 978-1-4419-9862-0.
  3. Cottingham, Katie (May 2008). "Human Toponome Project | Human Proteinpedia is open for (free) business". Journal of Proteome Research. 7 (5): 1806. doi:10.1021/pr083701k.
  4. Abott, A (12 October 2006). ""Mapping togetherness" (research highlight referring to Schubert et al. 2006)". Nature. 443 (7112): 608–609. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..608.. doi:10.1038/443608a.
  5. Schubert, Walter; Bonnekoh, Bernd; Pommer, Ansgar J; Philipsen, Lars; Böckelmann, Raik; Malykh, Yanina; Gollnick, Harald; Friedenberger, Manuela; Bode, Marcus; Dress, Andreas W M (1 October 2006). "Analyzing proteome topology and function by automated multidimensional fluorescence microscopy". Nature Biotechnology. 24 (10): 1270–1278. doi:10.1038/nbt1250. PMID 17013374. S2CID 30436820.
  6. Schubert, Walter (June 2007). "A three-symbol code for organized proteomes based on cyclical imaging of protein locations". Cytometry Part A. 71A (6): 352–360. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.20281. PMID 17326231. S2CID 3132423.
  7. Schubert, W. "Direct, spatial imaging of randomly large supermolecules by using parameter unlimited TIS imaging cycler microscopy" (PDF). International Microscopy Conference 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
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