Trachelospermum jasminoides

Trachelospermum jasminoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia (Japan, Korea, southern China and Vietnam).[1] Common names include confederate jasmine,[2] southern jasmine,[3] star jasmine,[4] confederate jessamine,[4] and Chinese star jasmine.[4]

Trachelospermum jasminoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Trachelospermum
Species:
T. jasminoides
Binomial name
Trachelospermum jasminoides
Synonyms

Rhynchospermum jasminoides Lindl.

This plant,[5] and the variegated cultivar 'Variegatum',[6] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[7]

Description

Trachelospermum jasminoides is an evergreen woody liana growing to 3 m (10 ft) high. When they meet a wet surface, they emit aerial weed roots, otherwise they surround the support (they are twining). If cut, like most Apocynaceae, they exude a white latex, resembling sticky milk. Young twigs, initially pubescent, become glabrous with age. The leaves are opposite, oval to lanceolate, 2–10 cm (3⁄4–3 7⁄8 in) long and 1–4.5 cm (3⁄8–1 3⁄4 in) broad, with an entire margin and an acuminate apex. Dark green in summer, the leaves turn bronze in winter.

Inflorescence

The fragrant flowers are white, 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) diameter, with a tube-like corolla opening out into five petal-like lobes. The white, actinomorphic flowers have a calyx formed by five narrow, smooth, reflexed sepals 2−5 mm , much shorter than the corolla tube. The latter has a dilated tube in the middle, 5−10 mm long, terminating in 5 obliquely bypassed lobes, all curved, resembling a helix turning counterclockwise. The five stamens are inserted in the middle of the corolla tube. The ovary is formed of a style and two carpels, with five glands at its base. They are grouped in paniculate, terminal and axillary cymes. The fruit is a slender follicle 10–25 cm (3 7⁄8–9 7⁄8 in) long and 3–10 mm (1⁄8–3⁄8 in) broad, containing numerous seeds.[1]

Cultivation

Trachelospermum jasminoides is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and houseplant. In gardens, public landscapes, and parks it is used as a climbing vine, a groundcover, and a fragrant potted plant on terraces and patios. It will flower in full sun, partial shade, or total shade, and requires well-drained soil (if constantly kept damp it may succumb to fungal infection), moderate water, moderate fertilizer, and a climbing structure (whether a trellis or another plant is secondary). Propagation is most commonly done with cuttings/clones.[8]

It is widely planted in California and also particularly in the Southeastern United States, where its hardiness is confined to USDA Zones 8–10. It is debated however, where the common name for this plant, confederate jasmine, comes from. While some dictionaries (such as Merriam-Webster[9] and dictionary.com) suggest that the name comes from the plant's common cultivation in the southern United States,[9] others argue that the term actually comes from Malaysia, and the former Malay confederacy.[10] It gets another of its common names, trader's compass, from an old Uzbekistan saying that it pointed traders in the right direction, provided they were of good character. It is also called star jasmine in Europe and Chinese jasmine or Chinese ivy in Asia.

Its irritating, milky latex-like sap makes it resistant to the depredations of Australian possums.[11]

Uses

A valuable perfume oil is extracted from the steam distilled or tinctured flowers and used in high end perfumery. In a dilute form, tinctured flowers are much used in Chinese, Vietnamese and Thai incenses. A bast fibre is produced from the stems.[1]

Chemical constituents

Five indole alkaloids, coronaridine, voacangine, apparicine, conoflorine, and 19-epi-voacangarine have been reported.[12]

  • Confederate jasmine flower, close
  • Flower close-up
  • Blooming on trellis
  • Trained on garden wall
  • Seeds

References
  1. Flora of China: Trachelospermum jasminoides
  2. "Trachelospermum jasminoides". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  3. "southern jasmine - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  4. "Trachelospermum jasminoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  5. "RHS Plant Selector - Trachelospermum jasminoides". Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  6. "RHS Plant Selector - Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Variegatum'". Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  7. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 103. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  8. Garrett, Howard (1996). Howard Garrett's Plants for Texas. University of Texas. p. 157. ISBN 9780292727885.
  9. "Definition of CONFEDERATE JASMINE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  10. Heibel, Tara (2012-07-05). "Sprout Home Plant Of The Week: Confederate Jasmine". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  11. Miller, Ming, horticulturalist, Bunnings Box Hill (pers comm 29 Dec 2013)
  12. https://www.ibogainealliance.org/articledb/indole-alkaloids-from-trachelospermum-jasminoides/
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