Tudjmanism
Tudjmanism (Croatian: tuđmanizam) is a form of Croatian nationalism. Franjo Tuđman defined it as non-Communist nationalism with "re-examined Croatian history".[1] According to Croatian historian Ivo Banac, Tudjmanism unites all forms of the Croatian anti-liberalism, that is Croatian fascism and the Croatian communism.[2] Croatian political scientist Slaven Ravlić defines Tuđmanism to be the name both for an ideology and for a regime.[2] According to Ravlić, the ideology contains elements of deification of the Croatian people started by Ante Starčević, a continuation of the 20th-century conservative tradition that rejects liberal democracy, and a mix of ideas represented by neoconservatism.[3] The resulting regime was authoritarian, it created a form of crony capitalism, and engaged in the creation of an ideological hegemony.[3]
The "re-examination of Croatian history" was based mostly on World War II in Yugoslavia.[1] The realization that establishment of an independent Croatian state would require help of both Croatian nationalists and the Croatian communists, led to the so-called policy of reconciliation, embraced by Tuđman as well as Maks Luburić and later Bruno Bušić.[4]
His political platform included a few simple but important elements: the rejection of communist and fascist Ustasha ideology as a supra-national totalitarian regimes buried by history; bracing of the Croatian diaspora, but with the awareness that the struggle for sovereign Croatia will be led in the country; he attempted to make an agreement with the Serbs as the most numerous and influential people in Yugoslavia, and the largest national minority in Croatia, connecting Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina as countries geo politically, economically and spatially directed one to another.
In many important traits his views and program remained incomplete: for example, even though it was obvious that totalitarianism is collapsing, it was still uncertain how long the process would take (the same was true for the former Yugoslavia). Tudjman likely took into account both options: staying in some kind of confederal Yugoslavia with a socialist-capitalist hybrid economic system, as well as fully independent Croatian state, with the principles of economic liberalism (privatisation controversy).
The modern Croatian history saw three processes. The first process was the so-called de-titoisation, after which started the tudjmanist era in 1989 and lasted until 2000, after death of Franjo Tuđman and after Ivo Sanader became president of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). During Sanader's presidency the so-called process of detudjmanization started in Croatia and lasted until his resignation from the party. He was succeeded by his deputy, Jadranka Kosor and in May 2012, HDZ elected a new president, Tomislav Karamarko, who announced tudjmanization of the HDZ.[5]
References
- Notes
- MacDonald 2002, p. 100.
- Ravlić 2006, p. 112.
- Ravlić 2006, p. 113.
- Plevnik, Danko (2013-01-05). "Desna koža - Piši Tuđman, pamti Boljkovac i Manolić". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 2013-04-14.
[Tuđman je išao] tragovima Maksa Luburića, koji je uvidio da bez pomirenja s komunistima neće doći do pomirenja svih Hrvata, što je preuzeo Bruno Bušić, Tuđmanov istomišljenik s Instituta za historiju radničkog pokreta u Zagrebu, ubijen od strane emigrantsko-udbaških snaga koje su nadzirale tokove pomirenja.
- Opačak-Klobučar, Tamara (8 May 2012). "Karamarko: Ni za Pavelića ni za Tita, moramo se vratiti Tuđmanu". Večernji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- Bibliography
- MacDonald, David Bruce (2002). Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim-Centred Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719064678.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ravlić, Slaven (June 2006). "Eponimizacija ideološke promjene u Hrvatskoj 1989-2005" [The Eponymisation of Ideological Change in Croatia 1989-2005] (PDF). Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva (in Croatian). 2 (1). Retrieved 15 June 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)