Urpín

Urpín is a mountain in the city of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. It is situated on the left bank of the Hron river, above the old town. Despite its low elevation of 510 m AMSL (1,673 ft), Urpín dominates the cityscape due to its proximity to the city center.[1] The mountain offers a panoramic view of the Hron basin from the easternmost outskirts of Banská Bystrica to the town of Zvolen, as well as of the surrounding mountain ranges of the Low Tatras and the Veľká Fatra. It is accessible by several hiking trails from the center of Banská Bystrica. Historical monuments located on Urpín chart the turbulent history of the city built underneath this mountain. However, in defiance of its urban environs, the largely forested mountain is characterized by the surprisingly diverse fauna and flora.

The forested slope of Urpín rising from the Hron. The right bank of the river is already part of Banská Bystrica's downtown.

Nature

Urpín is mostly covered by a beech forest. Other widespread trees are the pine, maple, and tilia. The top of the mountain has a typical forest steppe vegetation. Despite its proximity to a major city, Urpín contains 35 endangered animal species and many rare plant species.[1] It is also home to 280 species of spiders.[1] An alley of 64 Tilia platyphyllos trees was planted in the 18th century, but the aged trees are now an important part of the ecosystem.[1] A nature preserve founded in 1997 covers an area of 5.02 ha of Urpín.

History
Urpín's two summits (Urpín and Vartovka) behind Banská Bystrica's clock tower
The center of Banská Bystrica viewed from Urpín

The Ottoman Empire's advance northwards in the 16th century threatened rich mining towns in central Slovakia. Banská Bystrica, a European leading producer of copper,[2] responded to a new danger by modernizing its fortification. As part of its early warning system, the city built a watchtower on one of Urpín's summits in 1587. The Slovak archaic word for a watchtower (vartovka) gave the name also to the summit itself.[3] The watchtower was connected to the city by a secret underground passage, passing under the river of Hron.[3] After it was damaged during the World War II, the tower was converted into an astronomical observatory.

Another historical monument on Urpín is the Calvary (Slovak: Kalvária). Although Banská Bystrica was in the 17th century part of an empire ruled by a Catholic dynasty of the Habsburgs, the city itself was almost purely Protestant.[4] During the state-sponsored Counter-reformation, the Order of Jesuits arrived to Banská Bystrica in 1648. In 1689 the Jesuits founded a pilgrimage site on Urpín. A church was built on the top in 1713 and small shrines representing the Stations of the Cross were raised along the trail leading to the church in 1714. The interior of the church featured a flag decorated with 1.21 kg of silver.[4] The church and shrines were reconstructed in 2007. The works were finished by putting in a new bell weighing 80 kg. Along with the reconstruction began the building of a small monastery in the vicinity of the old church, which was achieved in 2008. A celebratory mass was held in the church on 28 September 2008 by Mons. Rudolf Baláž, bishop of Banská Bystrica. The church is dedicated to the Holy Cross and during Lent, there are processions of Way of the Cross organized every week. [5]

Urpín has been a popular place of recreation. The trails leading to the top used to be equipped with nightlights.[1] Until the 1960s, dixieland bands played music on Urpín every Sunday afternoon, attracting dancers and partygoers from the city beneath the mountain.[1]

As a natural dominant of Banská Bystrica, the mountain has also given its name to some of the city's companies and organizations, such as the Urpiner Beer,[6] Hotel Urpín,[7] and the Urpín folklore ensemble.[8]

References
  1. Kubišová, Dana (October 2003). "Urpín = odveký strážca mesta". Bystrický Permon. 1 (3): 12.
  2. Habšudová, Zuzana (8 July 2002). "Mineral and political wealth of Banská Bystrica mining region has flown". The Slovak Spectator. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  3. Chromek, Igor (October 2003). "Vartovka - história a súčasnosť". Bystrický Permon. 1 (3): 1–11.
  4. Baláž, Ján (October 2003). "Kalvária - Kaplnka Božieho hrobu na Urpíne". Bystrický Permon. 1 (3): 1–10.
  5. http://www.katedralabb.sk/kalvaria.html
  6. "Banskobystrický pivovar". Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  7. "Urpin City Residence". Retrieved 2007-12-18.
  8. "Folklorny subor URPIN" (in Slovak). Retrieved 2007-12-18.

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