Vehicle electrification

Vehicle electrification is a topic that covers many aspects of electrification in vehicles.[1] It may cover vehicles with electrical means of propulsion,[2] such as an electric car, as well as electricity playing a role in their functionality. Voltages vary widely between applications.

In general, vehicle electrification refers to efforts to design mild to full hybrid vehicle to full electric vehicles as well as converting some of the non-electrical vehicle systems like hydraulic suspension-systems to smart electro-magnetic suspensions, or All-Wheel-Drive (AWD) to eAWD where AWD is automatically engaged only under certain conditions (like certain low vehicle speed range) to leave more juice for full electric vehicle range as opposed to AWD all the time which sips more juices from battery.

Aviation

Fixed-wing, and rotor-wing aircraft can be found in either 12 volt or 24 volt configurations, however most modern aircraft are strictly 24 volt, direct current. This electrical power is generated by engine driven generators. A wet-cell lead acid battery, or Ni-cad (nickel cadmium) battery is used for starting or powering systems without engines running. On board, this DC power is changed via inverters to 115 v, 400 Hz AC power for different aircraft systems.

Land vehicles

This section will cover common voltages for different vehicle applications.

6 volt

Automobiles engineered prior to the 1940s had 6-volt systems in them. However, 6-volts is a common voltage for single 3-cell deep-cycle lead-acid batteries for applications such as golf carts, though they have 24 volts or 36 volts for their electric motors.

12 volt

12 volt systems are by far the most common voltage system for vehicles in general. Primarily the voltage was devised to overcome limitations of old 6-volt systems as, by the 1950s starting motors needed to become more powerful, but needed more power with less current as well as a way to cut down on wire gauge as more equipment came along and put a greater load on the system. Over time, 12 volt systems evolved to have mainstream niche fields like car audio which has spanned across

24 volt

24 volt systems are common in military and commercial truck applications. It is also a secondary voltage system for switch-mode power supplies with parallel-to-series relays for facilitating engine starting on diesel engines as they require more compression than regular gas.

See also

References
  1. Brinkman, Norman; Eberle, Ulrich; Formanski, Volker; Grebe, Uwe-Dieter; Matthe, Roland (2012-04-15). "Vehicle Electrification - Quo Vadis". VDI. Retrieved 2013-04-27.
  2. Beyer, Monica; Brown, Gareth; Gahagan, Michael; Higuchi, Tomoya; Hunt, Gregory; Huston, Michael; Jayne, Doug; McFadden, Chris; Newcomb, Timothy; Patterson, Suzanne; Prengaman, Christopher; Shamszad, Mariam (2019-12-12). "Lubricant Concepts for Electrified Vehicle Transmissions and Axles". Tribology Online. 14. pp. 428–437. doi:10.2474/trol.14.428.
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