Viburnum dentatum

Viburnum dentatum, southern arrowwood or arrowwood viburnum or roughish arrowwood, is a small shrub, native to the Eastern United States and Canada from Maine south to Northern Florida and Eastern Texas.

Viburnum dentatum

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Adoxaceae
Genus: Viburnum
Species:
V. dentatum
Binomial name
Viburnum dentatum
Natural range in North America

Like most Viburnum, it has opposite, simple leaves and fruit in berry-like drupes. Foliage turns yellow to red in late fall. Localized variations of the species are common over its entire geographic range. Common differences include leaf size and shape and placement of pubescence on leaf undersides and petioles.

Leaves in autumn

Larvae of moths feed on V. dentatum. Species include the unsated sallow or arrowwood sallow (Metaxaglaea inulta) or Phyllonorycter viburnella. It is also consumed by the viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni, an invasive species from Eurasia.[1] The fruits are a food source for songbirds. Berries contain 41.3% fat.[2]

The fruits appear blue. The major pigments are cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-vicianoside, but the total mixture is very complex.[3]

Native Americans used the young stems to make arrow shafts.[4]

Subspecies
  • Viburnum dentatum dentatum
  • Viburnum dentatum lucidum - smooth arrowwood

References
  1. Viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) : Dispersal pattern of a palearctic landscape pest in New York and its distribution status in the northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada. Weston Paul A. and Hoebeke E. Richard, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2003, volume 105, no 4, pages 889-895, INIST:15211659
  2. Fruit quality and consumption by songbirds during autumn migration. Susan B. Smith, Kathleen H. McPherson, Jeffrey M. Backer, Barbara J. Pierce, David W. Podlesak and Scott R. McWilliams, The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2007, volume 119, issue 3, pages 419-428, doi:10.1676/06-073.1
  3. Food colorants: Anthocyanins. F.J. Francis and Pericles C. Markakis, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1989, Volume 28, Issue 4, pages 273-314, doi:10.1080/10408398909527503
  4. Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 671. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.

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