Wade–Giles table

This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.[1] Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

Group	Special combination
i	i+ê/o=ieh		i+ou=iu	i+an=ien	i+ên=in	i+êng=ing
u	u+ê/o=o/uo	u+ei=ui/uei			u+ên=un	u+êng=ung
ü	ü+ê/o=üeh				ü+ên=ün	ü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:

Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʽ	m	f	t	tʽ	n	l	k	kʽ	h	ch	chʽ	hs	ch	chʽ	sh	j	ts	tsʽ	s	Wade–Giles table
Group a Finals	ih/ŭ																chih	chʽih	shih	jih	tzŭ	tzʽŭ	ssŭ	ih/ŭ	Group a Finals
	a	a	pa	pʽa	ma	fa	ta	tʽa	na	la	ka	kʽa	ha				cha	chʽa	sha		tsa	tsʽa	sa	a
	ê/o	ê/o			mê		tê	tʽê	nê	lê	ko	kʽo	ho				chê	chʽê	shê	jê	tsê	tsʽê	sê	ê/o
	ai	ai	pai	pʽai	mai		tai	tʽai	nai	lai	kai	kʽai	hai				chai	chʽai	shai		tsai	tsʽai	sai	ai
	ei	ei	pei	pʽei	mei	fei	tei	tʽei	nei	lei	kei		hei				chei		shei		tsei			ei
	ao	ao	pao	pʽao	mao		tao	tʽao	nao	lao	kao	kʽao	hao				chao	chʽao	shao	jao	tsao	tsʽao	sao	ao
	ou	ou		pʽou	mou	fou	tou	tʽou	nou	lou	kou	kʽou	hou				chou	chʽou	shou	jou	tsou	tsʽou	sou	ou
	an	an	pan	pʽan	man	fan	tan	tʽan	nan	lan	kan	kʽan	han				chan	chʽan	shan	jan	tsan	tsʽan	san	an
	ên	ên	pên	pʽên	mên	fên	tên		nên		kên	kʽên	hên				chên	chʽên	shên	jên	tsên	tsʽên	sên	ên
	ang	ang	pang	pʽang	mang	fang	tang	tʽang	nang	lang	kang	kʽang	hang				chang	chʽang	shang	jang	tsang	tsʽang	sang	ang
	êng	êng	pêng	pʽêng	mêng	fêng	têng	tʽêng	nêng	lêng	kêng	kʽêng	hêng				chêng	chʽêng	shêng	jêng	tsêng	tsʽêng	sêng	êng
	êrh	êrh																						êrh
Group i Finals	i	i/yi	pi	pʽi	mi		ti	tʽi	ni	li				chi	chʽi	hsi								i	Group i Finals
	ia	ya					tia			lia				chia	chʽia	hsia								ia
	ieh	yeh	pieh	pʽieh	mieh		tieh	tʽieh	nieh	lieh				chieh	chʽieh	hsieh								ieh
	iai	yai																						iai
	iao	yao	piao	pʽiao	miao		tiao	tʽiao	niao	liao				chiao	chʽiao	hsiao								iao
	iu	yu			miu		tiu		niu	liu				chiu	chʽiu	hsiu								iu
	ien	yen	pien	pʽien	mien		tien	tʽien	nien	lien				chien	chʽien	hsien								ien
	in	yin	pin	pʽin	min				nin	lin				chin	chʽin	hsin								in
	iang	yang							niang	liang				chiang	chʽiang	hsiang								iang
	ing	ying	ping	pʽing	ming		ting	tʽing	ning	ling				ching	chʽing	hsing								ing
Group u Finals	u	wu	pu	pʽu	mu	fu	tu	tʽu	nu	lu	ku	kʽu	hu				chu	chʽu	shu	ju	tsu	tsʽu	su	u	Group u Finals
	ua	wa									kua	kʽua	hua				chua	chʽua	shua	jua				ua
	o/uo	wo	po	pʽo	mo	fo	to	tʽo	no	lo	kuo	kʽuo	huo				cho	chʽo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʽo	so	o/uo
	uai	wai									kuai	kʽuai	huai				chuai	chʽuai	shuai					uai
	ui/uei	wei					tui	tʽui			kuei	kʽuei	hui				chui	chʽui	shui	jui	tsui	tsʽui	sui	ui/uei
	uan	wan					tuan	tʽuan	nuan	luan	kuan	kʽuan	huan				chuan	chʽuan	shuan	juan	tsuan	tsʽuan	suan	uan
	un	wên					tun	tʽun	nun	lun	kun	kʽun	hun				chun	chʽun	shun	jun	tsun	tsʽun	sun	un
	uang	wang									kuang	kʽuang	huang				chuang	chʽuang	shuang					uang
	ung	wêng					tung	tʽung	nung	lung	kung	kʽung	hung				chung	chʽung		jung	tsung	tsʽung	sung	ung
Group ü Finals	ü	yü							nü	lü				chü	chʽü	hsü								ü	Group ü Finals
	üeh	yüeh							nüeh	lüeh				chüeh	chʽüeh	hsüeh								üeh
	üan	yüan								lüan				chüan	chʽüan	hsüan								üan
	ün	yün												chün	chʽün	hsün								ün
	iung	yung												chiung	chʽiung	hsiung								iung
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʽ	m	f	t	tʽ	n	l	k	kʽ	h	ch	chʽ	hs	ch	chʽ	sh	j	ts	tsʽ	s	Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table

Colour Legend:

"regular" initial or final Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)	syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final; note the special spelling of the initials ts, tsʽ, s in the syllables tzŭ, tzʽŭ, ssŭ

Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:

IPA	pu̯ɔ	pʰu̯ɔ	mu̯ɔ	fu̯ɔ	tu̯ɔ	tʰu̯ɔ	nu̯ɔ	lu̯ɔ	kɤ	kʰɤ	xɤ	ku̯ɔ	kʰu̯ɔ	xu̯ɔ	ʈʂu̯ɔ	ʈʂʰu̯ɔ	ʂu̯ɔ	ʐu̯ɔ	ʦu̯ɔ	ʦʰu̯ɔ	su̯ɔ	ɤ	u̯ɔ
Wade–Giles	po	pʽo	mo	fo	to	tʽo	no	lo	ko	kʽo	ho	kuo	kʽuo	huo	cho	chʽo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʽo	so	o/ê	wo
Bopomofo	ㄅㄛ	ㄆㄛ	ㄇㄛ	ㄈㄛ	ㄉㄨㄛ	ㄊㄨㄛ	ㄋㄨㄛ	ㄌㄨㄛ	ㄍㄜ	ㄎㄜ	ㄏㄜ	ㄍㄨㄛ	ㄎㄨㄛ	ㄏㄨㄛ	ㄓㄨㄛ	ㄔㄨㄛ	ㄕㄨㄛ	ㄖㄨㄛ	ㄗㄨㄛ	ㄘㄨㄛ	ㄙㄨㄛ	ㄜ	ㄨㄛ
Pinyin	bo	po	mo	fo	duo	tuo	nuo	luo	ge	ke	he	guo	kuo	huo	zhuo	chuo	shuo	ruo	zuo	cuo	suo	e	wo

References

A Chinese-English Dictionary.

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[1] A Chinese-English Dictionary.

Wade–Giles table

See also

References