Warren Snodgrass

Warren Snodgrass is a pediatric urologist specializing in the repair of hypospadias, the second most common birth defect. In 1994 he described the tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair of hypospadias, which has become known as the Snodgrass repair and has become the most common approach to repairing most forms of hypospadias. Together with Dr. Nicol Bush, he also developed the STAG repair for severe hypospadias and the Snodbush repair used mainly for reoperations after unsuccessful surgery. Snodgrass is internationally known for his advocacy of evidence-based surgery, and was the editor of a textbook on pediatric urology. He is in private practice near Dallas, Texas.

Warren Snodgrass, MD

Biography

Snodgrass received his medical degree from the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1980, and then completed urology residency training at Baylor College of Medicine in 1986. He spent 12 years in private practice with his father, a urologist, in Lubbock, Texas.[1] He worked at Children's Medical Center until 2014, serving as the Chief of Pediatric Urology for 12 years.[2] He was involved in a controversy at UT Southwestern Medical Center in 2013 after he invited two world-renowned surgeons to participate in a teaching conference, unaware that one of them had his medical license revoked.[3]

In 2014, Snodgrass and Nicol Bush left UT Southwestern to establish PARC Urology for complex hypospadias in children and adults, the only practice in North America devoted to hypospadias and related penis birth defects.[4] In 1994, Snodgrass published a description of the TIP repair of hypospadias.[5] The technique has become popularly known as the Snodgrass urethroplasty or Snodgrass technique.[6] The technique became widely employed across the world.[7] In 2011, the Snodgrass technique was described as the dominant procedure for repairing most forms of hypospadias.[8] In 2017, Snodgrass and Bush published the STAG repair, an improvement on older 2-stage graft operations for proximal hypospadias.[9] In 2015, an analysis of all published articles regarding hypospadias since 1945 reported Snodgrass to be the most cited author.[10][11][12]

Snodgrass has lectured and demonstrated surgical techniques internationally to pediatric urologists and surgeons. He established an annual live surgery course broadcast on the World Wide Web to teach surgeons performing hypospadias repair.[13] Snodgrass served as editor of a pediatric urology textbook, Pediatric Urology: Evidence for Optimal Patient Management.[14] In 2015, Snodgrass and his colleague Nicol Bush self-published a surgical textbook entitled Hypospadiology through a charity, Operation Happenis.[15]

At his outpatient center, Snodgrass cares for patients with hypospadias and teaches evidence-based urology to other physicians.[2][16]

Snodgrass published a book describing the fall of Communism in East Germany entitled Swords to Plowshares.[17]

Honors and awards

Snodgrass was awarded honorary fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.[18] He has been designated a U.S. News & World Report Top Doctor.[19] Snodgrass has been listed in Marquis Who's Who.[20] A review of the top 150 influential scientific publications on hypospadias from 1945 to 2013 reported Snodgrass was the most frequently cited author [21] Snodgrass has also been designated a Best Doctor in America and a Texas Super Doctor. He was the Best Reviewer for the Journal of Urology Pediatric Section, and a Top 10 Reviewer for the Journal of Pediatric Urology. Snodgrass has been an invited visiting professor, lecturer and surgeon to over 75 medical conferences in 36 countries.

Selected publications
  • Snodgrass, W; Bush, N (2019). "Persistent or recurrent ventral curvature after failed proximal hypospadias repair". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 198 (3): 680–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.03.028. PMID 31068257.
  • Snodgrass, W; Villanueva, C; Bush, N (2014). "Duration of Follow-up to Diagnose Hypospadias Urethroplasty Complications". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 10 (2): 208–11. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.11.011. PMID 24439629.
  • Snodgrass, W; Granberg, C; Bush, N (2013). "Urethral Strictures following Urethral Plate and Proximal Urethral Elevation during Proximal TIP Hypospadias Repair". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 9 (6): 990–4. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.04.005. PMID 23707201.
  • Bush, N; Holzer, M; Zhang, S; Snodgrass, W (2013). "Age does not Impact Risk for Urethroplasty Complications after Tubularized Incised Plate Repair of Hypospadias in Prepubertal Boys". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 9 (3): 252–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.03.014. PMID 22542204.
  • Snodgrass, W; Dajusta, D; Villanueva, C; Bush, N (2012). "Foreskin Reconstruction does not Increase Urethroplasty or Skin Complications after Distal TIP Hypospadias Repair". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 9 (4): 401–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.06.008. PMID 22854388.
  • Snodgrass, W; Cost, N; Nakonezny, P; Bush, N (2011). "Analysis of Risk Factors for Glans Dehiscence after Tubularized Incised Plate Hypospadias Repair". Journal of Urology. 185 (5): 1845–1851. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.070. PMID 21420110.
  • Snodgrass, W; Bush, N; Cost, C (2010). "Tubularized Incised Plate Hypospadias Repair for Distal Hypospadias". Journal of Pediatric Urology. 6 (4): 408–13. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.010. PMID 19837000.
  • Snodgrass W, Bush N, Cost N: Algorithm for Comprehensive Approach to Hypospadias Reoperation using 3 Techniques. Journal of Urology, 182(6) 2885, 2009.
  • Snodgrass, W; Prieto, J (2009). "Straightening Ventral Curvature while Preserving the Urethral Plate in Proximal Hypospadias Repair". Journal of Urology. 182 (4): 1720–5. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.02.084. PMID 19692004.
  • Snodgrass, W; Yucel, S (2007). "Tubularized Incised Plate for Mid Shaft and Proximal Hypospadias Repair". Journal of Urology. 177 (2): 698–702. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.104. PMID 17222659.
  • Snodgrass, W; Khavari, R (2006). "Prior Circumcision does not Complicate Repair of Hypospadias with an Intact Prepuce". Journal of Urology. 176 (1): 296–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00564-7. PMID 16753427.
  • Snodgrass, W (2005). "Editorial. Assessing Outcomes of Hypospadias". Journal of Urology. 174 (3): 816–7. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000175046.69696.5b. PMID 16093960.
  • Snodgrass, W (2005). "Snodgrass Technique for Hypospadias Repair". British Journal of Urology International. 95 (4): 683–93. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05384.x. PMID 15705110.
  • Snodgrass, W; Elmore, J (2004). "Initial experience with staged buccal graft (Bracka) hypospadias reoperations". J Urol. 172 (4 Pt 2): 1720–4, discussion 1724. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000139954.92414.7d. PMID 15371799.
  • Nguyen, MT; Snodgrass, WT (2004). "Tubularized incised plate hypospadias reoperation". J Urol. 171 (6 Pt 1): 2404–6, discussion 2406. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000125018.90605.a5. PMID 15126861.
  • Sozubir, S; Snodgrass, W (2003). "A new algorithm for primary hypospadias repair based on tip urethroplasty". J Pediatr Surg. 38 (8): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00261-6. PMID 12891485.
  • Lorenzo, AJ; Snodgrass, WT (2002). "Regular dilatation is unnecessary after tubularized incised-plate hypospadias repair". BJU Int. 89 (1): 94–7. doi:10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01901.x. PMID 11849170.
  • Snodgrass, WT; Lorenzo, A (2002). "Tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias". BJU Int. 89 (1): 90–3. doi:10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01680.x. PMID 11849169.
  • Snodgrass, WT (1999). "Tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair: indications, technique, and complications". Urology. 54 (1): 6–11. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00144-2. PMID 10414718.
  • Snodgrass, W (1999). "Does Tubularized Incised Plate Hypospadias Repair Create Neourethral Strictures?". Journal of Urology. 162 (3 Part 2): 1159. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)68110-2.
  • Snodgrass, W; Koyle, M; Manzoni, G; Hurwitz, R; Caldamone, A; Ehrlich, R (1996). "Tubularized Incised Plate Hypospadias Repair: Results of a Multicenter Experience". Journal of Urology. 156 (2): 839. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65835-x.
  • Snodgrass, W (1994). "Tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias". J Urol. 151 (2): 464–5. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)34991-1. PMID 8283561.
  • Snodgrass, W; Decter, RM; Roth, DR; Gonzales, ET; Jr (1988). "Management of the Penile Shaft in Hypospadias Repair: Alternative to Byars' Flaps". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 23 (2): 181–2. doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(88)80153-2. PMID 3343655.
  • Snodgrass W, Bush N. Distal Hypospadias In: Urologic Surgery: Step-by-Step. Eds: Suks Minhas, John Mulhall, Robert Flanigan, Hendrik Van Poppel, Wiley, Oxford, submitted.
  • Snodgrass W, Bush N. Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty: Gold Standard for Primary Hypospadias In: Hypospadias: Challenges and Limits. Ed: Miroslav Djordjevic, Nova, New York, submitted.
  • Snodgrass W. Hypospadias: In: Campbell-Walsh Urology Eleventh Edition. Eds: Alan Wein, Louis Kavoussi, Andrew Novick, Alan Partin, Craig Peters, Elsevier, Philadelphia, in press.
  • Snodgrass W. Decision-Making in Hypospadias Surgery. In: Hinman's Atlas of Urologic Surgery, 3rd Edition. Edited by Joseph Smith Jr., Stuart Howards and Glenn Preminger. Elsevier, 2012, pp 97-101.
  • Snodgrass W. Hypospadias Urethroplasty. In: Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management. Edited by Duncan Wilcox, Prasad Godbole and Martin Koyle, Blackwell, 2009, pp 201-11.
  • Snodgrass W. Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) Repair. In: Operative Pediatric Urology, 2nd Edition. Edited by J. David Frank and Howard M. Snyder, III. Churchill Livingstone, London, 2002.
  • Snodgrass W. Hypospadias. In: Glenn's Urologic Surgery, 5th Edition. Edited by SD Graham, Jr, Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp. 809–813.
  • Snodgrass, W (2004). "Reoperative Urethroplasty after Failed Hypospadias Repair". Atlas of the Urological Clinics of North America. 12: 105. doi:10.1016/j.auc.2004.02.006.
  • Snodgrass, W (2004). "Consultation with the specialist: Hypospadias". Pediatrics in Review. 25 (2): 63–7. doi:10.1542/pir.25-2-63. PMID 14754928.
  • Snodgrass, W (2002). "Hypospadias surgery – Current Techniques and Management of Complications". International Journal of Urology. 9: S34.
  • Snodgrass W, Editor: Reoperative Hypospadias: A Spectrum of Challenges. Dialogues in Pediatric Urology. 25: Number 2, 2002.
  • Snodgrass, W (2002). "Tubularized Incised Plate (TIP) Hypospadias Repair". Urologic Clinics of North America. 29 (2): 285–90, v. doi:10.1016/s0094-0143(02)00045-9. PMID 12371220.
  • Snodgrass, W (2001). "New Directions in Distal Hypospadias Repair: TIP Urethroplasty". Contemporary Urology. 13: 28.
  • Snodgrass, W (1999). "Changing Concepts in Hypospadias Repair". Current Opinion in Urology. 9 (6): 513–6. doi:10.1097/00042307-199911000-00004. PMID 10668570.
  • Snodgrass W. 1999 TIP Hypospadias Repair: Techniques, Results and Commonly Asked Questions. Society for Pediatric Urology Newsletter, Volume 1(3):.
  • Keating, MA; Manzoni, GM; Retik, AB; Snodgrass, W (1999). "Symposium: Contemporary Hypospadiology, Part I. Moderated by A. Caldamone and D.A. Diamond". Contemporary Urology. 11: 16.
  • Keating, MA; Manzoni, GM; Retik, AB; Snodgrass, W (1999). "Symposium: Contemporary Hypospadiology, Part II. Moderated by A. Caldamone and D.A. Diamond". Contemporary Urology. 11: 61.

References
  1. "Warren Snodgrass, M.D., F.R.C.S." Forest Park Medical Center Frisco. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  2. "About us". PARC Urology. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  3. "UTSW doctor brought alleged sex abuser to Children's hospital". dallasnews.com. 13 September 2013.
  4. Snodgrass, W (1994). "Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadias". J Urol. 151 (2): 464–5. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)34991-1. PMID 8283561.
  5. Cook, A; Khoury, A; Neville, C; Bagli, D; Farhat, W; Pippi Salle, J (2005). "A multicenter evaluation of technical preferences for primary hypospadias repair". J Urol. 174 (6): 2354–7, discussion 2357. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000180643.01803.43. PMID 16280842.
  6. Alsharbaini, R.; Almaramhy, H. (March 2014). "Snodgrass urethroplasty for hypospadias repair: A retrospective comparison of two variations of the technique". Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 9 (1): 69–73. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.10.002.
  7. Tonvichien, V.; Niramis, R. (August 2003). "Tubularized, incised plate urethroplasty in hypospadias repair: experience at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health". Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 86: S522–S530. PMID 14700143.
  8. Smith, Joseph; Howards, Stuart; McGuire, Edward; Preminger, Glenn (2012). Hinman's Atlas of Urologic Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4160-4210-5. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  9. Snodgrass, W; Bush, N (2017). "Staged Tubularized AutoGraft (STAG) repair for primary proximal hypospadias with 30-degeree or greater ventral curvature". J Urol. 198 (3): 680–686. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2017.04.019. PMID 28400187.
  10. O'Kelly, F; Nason, GJ; McgLoughlin, LC; Flood, HD; Thornhill, JA (Apr 2015). "A comparative bibliometric analysis of the top 150 cited papers in hypospadiology (1945-2013)". J Pediatr Urol. 11 (2): 85.e1–85.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.11.022. PMID 25819379.
  11. O'Kelly, F; Nason, GJ; McLoughlin, LC; Flood, HD; Thornhill, JA (2015). "A comparative bibliometric analysis of the top 150 cited papers in hypospadiology (1945-2013)". J Pediatr Urol. 11 (2): 85.e1–85.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.11.022. PMID 25819379.
  12. . Elsevier.
  13. Live Surgery Workshop and Webinar for Hypospadias Repair. Children's Medical Center. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  14. Warren T. Snodgrass, MD. American Urological Association.
  15. "HYPOSPADIOLOGY". shop.operationhappenis.org.
  16. . Science Daily.
  17. Catalogue. National Library of Australia. 2000-01-01. ISBN 9781560727880. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  18. Fellows and Members. Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  19. Warren Snodgrass. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  20. Warren Snodgrass. Marquis Who's Who. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  21. O'Kelly, F; Nason, GJ; McLoughlin, LC; Flood, HD; Thornhill, JA (2015). "A comparative bibliometric analysis of the top 150 cited papers in hypospadiadiology (1945-2013)". J Pediatr Urol. 11 (2): 85.e1–85.e11. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.11.022. PMID 25819379.
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