Wiener series

Given a system with an input/output pair ${\displaystyle (x(t),y(t))}$ where the input is white noise with zero mean value and power A, we can write the output of the system as sum of a series of Wiener G-functionals ${\displaystyle y(n)=\sum _{p}(G_{p}x)(n)}$

In the following the expressions of the G-functionals up to the fifth order will be given:

${\displaystyle (G_{0}x)(n)=k_{0}=E\left\{y(n)\right\};}$

${\displaystyle (G_{1}x)(n)=\sum _{\tau _{1}=0}^{N_{1}-1}k_{1}(\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{1});}$

${\displaystyle (G_{2}x)(n)=\sum _{\tau _{1},\tau _{2}=0}^{N_{2}-1}k_{2}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})-A\sum _{\tau _{1}=0}^{N_{2}-1}k_{2}(\tau _{1},\tau _{1});}$

${\displaystyle (G_{3}x)(n)=\sum _{\tau _{1},\ldots ,\tau _{3}=0}^{N_{3}-1}k_{3}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{3})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{3})-3A\sum _{\tau _{1}=0}^{N_{3}-1}\sum _{\tau _{2}=0}^{N_{3}-1}k_{3}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{1});}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}(G_{4}x)(n)={}&\sum _{\tau _{1},\ldots ,\tau _{4}=0}^{N_{4}-1}k_{4}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{3},\tau _{4})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{3})x(n-\tau _{4})+{}\\[6pt]&{}-6A\sum _{\tau _{1},\tau _{2}=0}^{N_{4}-1}\sum _{\tau _{3}=0}^{N_{4}-1}k_{4}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{3},\tau _{3})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})+3A^{2}\sum _{\tau _{1},\tau _{2}=0}^{N_{4}-1}k_{4}(\tau _{1},\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{2});\end{aligned}}}$

${\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}(G_{5}x)(n)={}&\sum _{\tau _{1},\ldots ,\tau _{5}=0}^{N_{5}-1}k_{5}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{3},\tau _{4},\tau _{5})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{3})x(n-\tau _{4})x(n-\tau _{5})+{}\\[6pt]&{}-10A\sum _{\tau _{1},\ldots ,\tau _{3}=0}^{N_{5}-1}\sum _{\tau _{4}=0}^{N_{5}-1}k_{5}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{3},\tau _{4},\tau _{4})x(n-\tau _{1})x(n-\tau _{2})x(n-\tau _{3})\\[6pt]&{}+15A^{2}\sum _{\tau _{1}=0}^{N_{5}-1}\sum _{\tau _{2},\tau _{3}=0}^{N_{5}-1}k_{5}(\tau _{1},\tau _{2},\tau _{2},\tau _{3},\tau _{3})x(n-\tau _{1}).\end{aligned}}}$

• Volterra series
• System identification
• Spike-triggered average

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