Wilhelm Karpenstein

Wilhelm Karpenstein was born the son of a train inspector in Frankfurt am Main. After working briefly as a miner, he began studying law at the University of Frankfurt am Main. In 1923 he transferred to the University of Greifswald in the Prussian Province of Pomerania.

Karpenstein joined the Nazi Party as early as 1921 and started working to build-up the party in the province. In 1923, with the Nazi Party banned, Karpenstein joined the German Völkisch Freedom Party. In 1924 Karpenstein became the editor of the Norddeutscher Beobachter (North German Observer) the first National Socialist newspaper in Pomerania. In 1925 Karpenstein returned to Hesse (Darmstadt) for four years, working as a law clerk.[1]

On 31 August 1925 Karpenstein joined the re-founded Nazi Party (membership number 17,333). He served as the Party Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) for Darmstadt for the next four years. In 1929, after passing the bar exam, Karpenstein returned to Greifswald where he worked as a lawyer. He was also appointed Nazi Kreisleiter (County Leader) for Greifswald.[2] On 9 September 1930 he was elected to the Reichstag for electoral constituency 6, Pomerania.[3] The following year, he became the editor of the Pommerschen Zeitung, a National Socialist newspaper.

On 1 April 1931, Karpenstein was appointed Gauleiter of Pomerania to succeed Walther von Corswant. After the Nazis came to power a significant amount of autonomy lay with the Gauleiters, and their radicalism threatened to disrupt the relationship between Adolf Hitler and the middle classes that had helped to ensure Nazi electoral strength. Karpenstein did not present this problem, as he was conservative and pro-middle class.[4] Despite not holding left-wing economic ideas himself, Karpenstein was too weak to control the dissident sentiments emerging from the Sturmabteilung (SA) in Pomerania, which was one of their power bases. However, he sought every opportunity to increase his personal power by seeking to make all of the churches, government officials and media outlets in Pomerania answerable to him directly.[5]

In addition to his party post, Karpenstein also occupied many governmental positions. In March 1933, Karpenstein was named a member of the Pomeranian Provincial Landtag, and he also served on the Pomeranian Provincial Council. In September 1933 he became a member of the Prussian State Council and the Prussian Reichsrat.[6] However, unlike many other Gauleiters, Karpenstein did not succeed in obtaining the office of Provincial Oberpräsident, after the removal of Carl von Halfern on 1 October 1933.

Karpenstein's career ended abruptly in July 1934. Charges of involvement in the Röhm Putsch, of homosexuality and of repeated noncompliance with orders issued by the Party leadership were brought against him. Following a hearing by the Party Tribunal, Karpenstein was deposed as Gauleiter of Pomerania in favor of Franz Schwede-Coburg on 21 July 1934 and expelled from the party.[6] His lack of direct involvement with the SA probably saved him from being killed.[7] Ostensibly, however, Karpenstein was dismissed for his supposed links to Gregor Strasser and his failure to work with Hermann Göring.[8]

Karpenstein was arrested by the Gestapo and held under house arrest from October 1934 to July 1936, when he was pardoned and released, with the condition that he never live in Pomerania. Karpenstein worked as a lawyer in Berlin from 1936. During the Second World War he went into the military, where he attained the rank of leutnant. His requests for political rehabilitation were denied.[9]

After the war, Karpenstein was interned by the Allied authorities until 1947, then categorized by a German Denazification Court as a “lesser offender.” He then worked in commercial enterprises until 1954 when he was again admitted to the bar. He died on 2 May 1968.[10]