Winyah Bay

Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.

Aerial view of north inlet of Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

The bay is evidence of a drowned coastline, created by a rise in sea level in recent geologic time. It was a prime site for fishing by generations of Native American cultures. This area was developed by English colonists as a seaport and center of rice culture and timbering.

The entrance to the bay is flanked by North Island, South Island and Cat Island. Today, the first two islands and most of the third comprise the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, as the islands were willed to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources by Tom Yawkey,[1] former owner of the Boston Red Sox.

Winyah Bay is the fourth-largest estuary on the US East Coast, when classified by discharge rate (Voulgaris et al. 2002). It is home to many aquatic and terrestrial species, including sturgeon, sharks, dolphins, red drum, stingrays, star drum, white shrimp, blue crabs, pelicans, bald eagles, cormorants, and various species of seagulls.

History
Further information: Francisco de Chicora, Waccamaw § History, and Slavery in the colonial history of the United States

The first European contact with Winyah Bay was June 21, 1521, when two ships commanded by Pedro de Quejo and Francisco Gordillo arrived. They named the Waccamaw River the Jordan River, since they arrived on the feast of St. John the Baptist. They called the area Chicora, derived from the local tribe's name Shakori. They traded with the Native Americans for a month and explored north and south of the bay. They then enslaved 60 Native Americans and took them back to Santo Domingo.[2][3] One of these, Francisco de Chicora, went to Spain and was interviewed at length by court historian Peter Martyr who published detailed reports.[4] De Quejo returned to Winyah Bay in 1525 and explored from Amelia Island Florida to Chesapeake Bay Maryland.[2][3] His findings and place names were published on a 1526 map by Juan Vespucci.[2]

The first African slaves in what would become the present day United States of America arrived August 9, 1526 in Winyah Bay, when Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón brought 600 colonists to start a colony. Records say the colonists included enslaved Africans, without saying how many. This arrival was almost 100 years before the first enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619. Francisco de Chicora returned as a translator with this group and escaped back to his family. After a month Ayllón moved the colony to what is now Georgia, where it failed in a few months, the enslaved Africans escaped to live with the local Native Americans, and the 100 other survivors returned to Santo Domingo.[2][3]

See also

References
  1. "Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center". Audubon. National Audubon Society. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  2. Peck, Douglas T. (2001). "Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón's Doomed Colony of San Miguel de Gualdape". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 85 (2): 183–198. ISSN 0016-8297.
  3. Milanich, Jerald T. (2018). Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe. Gainesville: Library Press at UF. ISBN 978-1-947372-45-0. OCLC 1021804892.
  4. Anghiera, Pietro Martire d' (1912). De Orbe Novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera. translation by Francis McNutt published 1912, reprinted 1970: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 2:256–259, 490–498, 595–596.CS1 maint: location (link)

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