X1-(letter T) bread bun - feminine (Egyptian t hieroglyph)

The ancient Egyptian Bread bun hieroglyph is Gardiner sign listed no. X1 for the side view of a bread bun. It is also the simple shape of a semicircle. The hieroglyph is listed under the Gardiner category of loaves and cakes.

The bread bun hieroglyph is used in the Ancient Egyptian language hieroglyphs for the alphabetic consonant letter t.[1] A later alternative t, is a pestle, with curved top, Gardiner U33.
t
(or "feminine")

Bread bun
"semicircle"
in hieroglyphs
(detailed) Close-up of hieroglyphs; 2 uses of t.

"Bread bun/Semi-circle" as Feminine Determiner

Besides alphabetic-t, the bread bun is used for words that are feminine, as an end qualifying determinant, often shown before other qualifying ideograms or determinants in the hieroglyphic word block-(quadrat hieroglyphic block).

Palermo Stone

The t hieroglyph is used extensively throughout the Palermo Stone of the 24th to 23rd century BC, and it is used in the first row (Row I of VI), for the naming of King Tiu of Lower Egypt (a King of the North).

Palermo Stone, King Series, Row I (predynastic)

The following is the list of predynastic pharaohs (Nile Delta north) represented on the Palermo Piece of the 7–piece Palermo Stone: The sequence is in the proper order with the beginning Pharaoh on the right: (reading right-to-left, seven complete names pictured in year-registers):

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Note: On the Palermo Stone all the hieroglyphs face in the other direction (Gardiner signs are only facing left; on the stone they face right (reading right-to-left)). The source of the following Pharaohs is only from this King List; a few have artifacts that further confirm their reign (the Double Falcon King). The pharaohs deficient in information are: Hsekiu, Khayu, Tiu (pharaoh), Thesh, Neheb, Wazner, Mekh.

Preceded by
 

(start
of T)

Breadbun
or
"feminine"

t		 Succeeded by

Land

ti
  • Narmer Palette detail, from late 3rd millennium Ancient Egypt
  • Nile River flood levels recorded on 1-piece of the 7—piece Palermo Stone. Note the 2-uses of t.
  • Palermo piece (at Palermo Museum), of the 7—piece Palermo Stone

The Egyptian hieroglyph alphabetic letters

The following two tables show the Egyptian uniliteral signs. (24 letters, but multiple use hieroglyphs)

a
 i
 y
 '
 (w,u)
 B
P
 F
 M
 N
 R
 H1
H2
 Kh1
 Kh2
 S
 (Sh)=Š
 Q/K2
K
 G
 T
 Ch—Tj
 D
 Dj
L/(R)
(special)
(Ptolemaic,
etc.)
 -- -- -- -- --
a i
(ee)		 y
ii		 '
ah, (aïn)		 w, (u)
(oo)		 B
P F M N R H1
H2 (Kh)1 (Kh)2 S Sh
(Sh)		 K
emphatic
K G T Tj
Ch
Tsh		 D Dj
(additionally 4
for vert/horiz)		 -- -- -- -- --

M
(horiz)
M2-Plinth

N
(vert)
(see:
N (red crown))

S
(vert)
S (folded)
cloth)
M
(3rd-M
-2nd-vert)
M3-Baker's tool
(vertical)
(additionally 3
for equivalents)		 -- -- -- -- --
(2 reeds)

is—
(2 strokes)

y2-Two strokes
(quail)

is—
(coil)

letter w, u
(see w2-Coil)

T
(no. 2)
T2-Pestle

See also

References
  1. Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, uniliteral: U23, p. 62-63.

Bibliography
  • Schumann-Antelme, and Rossini, 1998. Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, Ruth Schumann-Antelme, and Stéphane Rossini. c 1998, English trans. 2002, Sterling Publishing Co. (Index, Summary lists (tables), selected uniliterals, biliterals, and triliterals.) (softcover, ISBN 1-4027-0025-3)
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