(40314) 1999 KR16

(40314) 1999 KR16 is a trans-Neptunian object on an eccentric orbit in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately 254 kilometers (158 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 16 May 1999, by French astronomer Audrey Delsanti and Oliver Hainaut at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile.[1] The very reddish object is a dwarf planet candidate and has a rotation period of 11.7 hours.[6][12]

(40314) 1999 KR16
Hubble Space Telescope image of 1999 KR16 taken in 2010
Discovery[1]
Discovered byA. Dalsanti
O. R. Hainaut
Discovery siteLa Silla Obs.
Discovery date16 May 1999
Designations
(40314) 1999 KR16
1999 KR16
TNO[2] · other[3] · distant[1]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Observation arc16.09 yr (5,878 d)
Aphelion64.604 AU
Perihelion33.968 AU
49.286 AU
Eccentricity0.3108
346.02 yr (126,383 d)
347.77°
0° 0m 10.08s / day
Inclination24.771°
205.57°
≈ 26 February 2030[4]
58.419°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
254±37 km[5]
255 km (est.)[6]
5.8 h (half period?)[7]
11.7 h[8]
0.204±0.070[5]
RR (very red)[9]
5.5[1][2]
5.527±0.039 (R)[10]
5.7[2]
5.59±0.02 (R)[11]

    Orbit and classification

    The C-type minor planet orbits the Sun at a distance of 34–65 AU once every 346 years (126,383 days; semi-major axis of 49.29 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.[2]

    Numbering and naming

    This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 2002.[13] As of 2019, it has not been named.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    1999 KR16 has two solutions of its rotation period of 6 and 12 hours, respectively,[7][8] and an albedo of 0.20.[5]

    References
    1. "40314 (1999 KR16)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 40314 (1999 KR16)" (2015-06-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
    3. Johnston, Wm. Robert (7 October 2018). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
    4. JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
    5. Santos-Sanz, P.; Lellouch, E.; Fornasier, S.; Kiss, C.; Pal, A.; Müller, T. G.; Vilenius, E.; et al. (May 2012). ""TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. IV. Size/albedo characterization of 15 scattered disk and detached objects observed with Herschel-PACS". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: 18. arXiv:1202.1481. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118541. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
    6. Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
    7. Thirouin, A.; Ortiz, J. L.; Campo Bagatin, A.; Pravec, P.; Morales, N.; Hainaut, O.; Duffard, R. (August 2012). "Short-term variability of 10 trans-Neptunian objects". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (4): 3156–3177. arXiv:1207.2044. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424.3156T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21477.x. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
    8. Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C. (September 2002). "Time-resolved Photometry of Kuiper Belt Objects: Rotations, Shapes, and Phase Functions". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (3): 1757–1775. arXiv:astro-ph/0205392. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.1757S. doi:10.1086/341954. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
    9. Belskaya, Irina N.; Barucci, Maria A.; Fulchignoni, Marcello; Dovgopol, Anatolij N. (April 2015). "Updated taxonomy of trans-neptunian objects and centaurs: Influence of albedo". Icarus. 250: 482–491. Bibcode:2015Icar..250..482B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.004. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
    10. Peixinho, N.; Delsanti, A.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Gafeira, R.; Lacerda, P. (October 2012). "The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 12. arXiv:1206.3153. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..86P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219057. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
    11. Jewitt, David; Peixinho, Nuno; Hsieh, Henry H. (November 2007). "U-Band Photometry of Kuiper Belt Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 134 (5): 2046–2053. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.2046J. doi:10.1086/522787. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
    12. "LCDB Data for (40314)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 December 2016.
    13. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

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