1249
Year 1249 (MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
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| Years: |
| 1249 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1249 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2002 |
| Armenian calendar | 698 ԹՎ ՈՂԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5999 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1170–1171 |
| Bengali calendar | 656 |
| Berber calendar | 2199 |
| English Regnal year | 33 Hen. 3 – 34 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1793 |
| Burmese calendar | 611 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6757–6758 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 3945 or 3885 — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 3946 or 3886 |
| Coptic calendar | 965–966 |
| Discordian calendar | 2415 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1241–1242 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5009–5010 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1305–1306 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1170–1171 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4349–4350 |
| Holocene calendar | 11249 |
| Igbo calendar | 249–250 |
| Iranian calendar | 627–628 |
| Islamic calendar | 646–647 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōji 3 / Kenchō 1 (建長元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1158–1159 |
| Julian calendar | 1249 MCCXLIX |
| Korean calendar | 3582 |
| Minguo calendar | 663 before ROC 民前663年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −219 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1791–1792 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1375 or 994 or 222 — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1376 or 995 or 223 |
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Events
Africa
- King Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, in the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.
Asia
- Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
- The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
- The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.
Europe
- February 16 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador, to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
- May 26 – The Battle of Fossalta is fought between the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League. The Italians capture the German commander.
- July 13 – Alexander III is crowned as King of the Scots.
- August 15 – The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
- The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
- Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
- Alphonse, Count of Poitiers orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
- The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.
Mediterranean
- The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
- King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.[1]
- The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified, and a palace is constructed there by William II Villehardouin.
Education
- Spring – University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of William of Durham.
Microhistory
- Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.
Science
- Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness, and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.
Births
- July 9 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
- Eric V of Denmark (d. 1286)
- Robert III of Flanders, ruler
- Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (d. 1268)
- Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon (d. 1302)
- Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford (d. 1297)
- Pope John XXII (d. 1334)
- Menachem Meiri, Catalan rabbi
- Amadeus V of Savoy (d. 1323)
Deaths
- July 6 – King Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198)
- July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 27 – Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse (b. 1197)
- November 22 – As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt
- date unknown
- Abu Zakariya, ruler of the Maghreb (b. 1203)
- Stephanie of Lampron, queen consort of Cyprus
- Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1178)
- Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (b. 1186)
References
- Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
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