1285
Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1285 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1285 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2038 |
| Armenian calendar | 734 ԹՎ ՉԼԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6035 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1206–1207 |
| Bengali calendar | 692 |
| Berber calendar | 2235 |
| English Regnal year | 13 Edw. 1 – 14 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1829 |
| Burmese calendar | 647 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6793–6794 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3981 or 3921 — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3982 or 3922 |
| Coptic calendar | 1001–1002 |
| Discordian calendar | 2451 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1277–1278 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5045–5046 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1341–1342 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1206–1207 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4385–4386 |
| Holocene calendar | 11285 |
| Igbo calendar | 285–286 |
| Iranian calendar | 663–664 |
| Islamic calendar | 683–684 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōan 8 (弘安８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1195–1196 |
| Julian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3618 |
| Minguo calendar | 627 before ROC 民前627年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −183 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1827–1828 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1411 or 1030 or 258 — to — 阴木鸡年 (female Wood-Rooster) 1412 or 1031 or 259 |
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Events
Africa
- Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire.
Asia
- April 25 – Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in modern-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
- June 14 – Trần Hưng Đạo leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol fleet of the Yuan Dynasty, at Chuong Duong.
- The Mongol Golden Horde, led by Nogai Khan and Talabuga, attacks Hungary a second time.
Europe
- January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland, and fostering a national identity.
- April – Chios is captured by Venetian raiders from its Genoese lords; it is later retaken.
- Easter – The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
- September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France, in a naval battle off Barcelona.
- The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.
Arts
- The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).
Markets
- The first record is made of an emission of life annuities, by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany, and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).[1]
- The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France; the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants, and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.[2]
Religion
- April 2 – Pope Honorius IV succeeds Pope Martin IV, to become the 190th pope.
- Council of Blachernae: The Eastern Orthodox Church repudiates the Union with the Roman Catholic Church, declared in the Second Council of Lyon.
Births
- March 9 – Emperor Go-Nijō of Japan (d. 1308)
- May 1 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1326)
- December 6 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)[3]
- date unknown
- Al-Nasr Muhammad, sultan of Egypt (d. 1341)
- Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1357)
- Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)
- William of Ockham, English philosopher and theologian ( d. 1347)
Deaths
- January 7 – King Charles I of Naples (b. 1227)
- February 8 – Theodoric of Landsberg (b. 1242)
- March 28 – Pope Martin IV
- May 13 – Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
- May 20 – John II of Jerusalem, King of Cyprus (b. 1259)
- July 7 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (executed)
- August 16 – Philip I, Count of Savoy (b. 1207)
- September 9 – Kunigunda of Halych, queen regent of Bohemia (b. 1245)
- October 5 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
- November 11 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
- date unknown
- Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
- Rutebeuf, French troubadour
- Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Syrian Arab historian (b. 1217)
References
- Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
- Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506774-6.
- "Ferdinand IV | king of Castile and Leon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
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