1270s
The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Events
1270
Africa
The Eighth Crusade
- Before August – King Louis IX of France launches the Eighth Crusade, in an attempt to recapture the Crusader States from the Mamluk sultan Baibars; the opening engagement is a siege of Tunis.[1]
- August 25 – King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.[2]
- October 30 – The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (Louis IX's brother) and Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Khalif of Tunis.[3]
Other events
- August 10 (10 Nehasé 1262) – Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe Dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974.[4]
Asia
- In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion begins against the Goryeo Dynasty, a puppet government of the Mongol Empire.[5]
- The ancient city of Ashkelon is captured from the Crusader States, and utterly destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baibars, who goes so far as to fill in its important harbor, leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.[6]
- The city of Tabriz, in present-day Iran, is made capital of the Mongol Ilkhanate Empire (approximate date).[7]
- The independent state of Kutch is founded, in present-day India.[8]
- A census of the Chinese city of Hangzhou establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers (Historian Jacques Gernet argues that this means a population of over 1 million inhabitants, making Hangzhou the most populous city in the world).[9]
- December 15 – The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols.[10]
Europe
- February 16 – Livonian Crusade - Battle of Karuse: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order decisively, on the frozen surface of the Baltic Sea.[11]
- September 1 – King Stephen V of Hungary writes his walk to the antiquum castellum near Miholjanec, where the Sword of Attila has been recently discovered.
- December – Crucial aspects of the philosophy of Averroism (itself based on Aristotle's works) are banned by the Roman Catholic Church, in a condemnation enacted by papal authority at the University of Paris.[12]
- The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed (year uncertain).[13]
- Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.[14]
- The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin, from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.[15]
- Construction of the Old New Synagogue in Prague is completed.[16]
- The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed.[17]
- Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.[18]
- The Chronicle of Melrose is ended.[19]
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Significant people
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References
- Conte, Joseph J. (2008). The 14th and Final Crusade to the Middle East: Crusades from the 11th Century to the 21st Century. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 14. ISBN 9781452055466.
- of Beaulieu, Geoffrey; of Chartres, William (2013). Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia; Field, Sean L. (eds.). The Sanctity of Louis IX: Early Lives of Saint Louis by Geoffrey of Beaulieu and William of Chartres. Translated by Field, Larry F. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780801469138.
- Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2015). Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present. London and New York: Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 9781317461098.
- Halibo, Gidey Seyoum (2016). "Law, Religion and Pluralism in Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Complex Interaction". In Coertzen, Pieter; Green, M. Christian; Hansen, Len (eds.). Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations. Stellenbosch, South Africa: AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. p. 397. ISBN 9781928357032.
- Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (2014). Shin, Michael D. (ed.). Korean History in Maps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN 9781107098466.
- Avi-Yonah, Michael; Stern, Ephraim (1978). Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Volume I. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. p. 124. ISBN 9780132751155.
- Pfeiffer, Judith (2014). Politics, Patronage and the Transmission of Knowledge in 13th - 15th Century Tabriz. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 305. ISBN 9789004262577.
- "Welcome to Kutch". www.indianngos.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2017. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
- Chase-Dunn, Chris; Inoue, Hiroku; Anderson, E.N. (16 August 2016). "The Growth of Hangzhou and the Geopolitical Context in East Asia". The Institute for Research on World-Systems Working Papers. 111.
- Daftary, Farhad (1992). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge University Press. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
- Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Volume 2: F - O. Westport, CN, London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 513. ISBN 9780313335389.
- Brown, Stephen F.; Flores, Juan Carlos (2007). Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movemenets. 76. Lanham, MA, Toronto, Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780810864535.
- Perrier, Joseph Louis (1909). The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century. Columbia University Press.
- Hutton, Charles (1815). A Philosophical and Mathematical Dictionary: Containing an Explanation of the Terms, and an Account of the Several Subjects, Comprised Under the Heads Mathematics, Astronomy, and Philosophy Both Natural and Experimental Also Memoirs of the Lives and Writing of the Eminent Authors, Both Ancient and Modern who by Their Discoveries or Improvements Have Contributed to the Advancement of Them. London: Rivington. p. 135.
- Lanman, Charles Rockwell (1920). Harvard Oriental Series: Descriptive List Thereof, Revised to 1920: with a Brief Memorial of Its Joint-founder, Henry Clarke Warren. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 5.
- Frank, Ben G. (2001) [1992]. A Travel Guide to Jewish Europe: A practical, anecdotal and adventurous journey through historic Jewish Europe, including kosher restaurants, cafes, synagogues and museums, plus cultural and heritage sites (Third ed.). Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing. p. 489. ISBN 9781455613298.
- Brockman, Norbert (2011). Encyclopedia of Sacred Places. I: A–M (Second ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 460. ISBN 9781598846546.
- Historic England. "Hailes Abbey (328158)". PastScape. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
- Jamroziak, Emilia (2008). "Border Communities between Violence and Opportunities: Scotland and Pomerania Compared". In Unger, Richard (ed.). Britain and Poland-Lithuania: Contact and Comparison from the Middle Ages to 1795. The Northern World. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 134. ISBN 9789004166233.