15094 Polymele

15094 Polymele
	Polymele imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2018
Discovery [1]
Discovered by	CSS
Discovery site	Mount Lemmon Obs.
Discovery date	17 November 1999
Designations
MPC designation	(15094) Polymele
Pronunciation	/pɒlɪˈmiːliː/[2]
Named after	Polymele; (Greek mythology)[1]
Alternative designations	1999 WB2 · 1997 WR57
Minor planet category	Jupiter trojan [1][3]; (Greek camp)[4]
Orbital characteristics [3]
	Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	24.10 yr (8,803 d)
Aphelion	5.6537 AU
Perihelion	4.6781 AU
Semi-major axis	5.1659 AU
Eccentricity	0.0944
Orbital period	11.74 yr (4,289 d)
Mean anomaly	253.43°
Mean motion	0° 5m 2.04s / day
Inclination	12.990°
Longitude of ascending node	50.318°
Argument of perihelion	4.6684°
Jupiter MOID	0.2252 AU
TJupiter	2.9400
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	21.075±0.136 km[5][6]
Rotation period	5.8607±0.0005 h[7]
Geometric albedo	0.073[7]; 0.091[5][6][8]
Spectral type	P [9]; B–V = 0.652±0.065[10]; V–R = 0.477±0.065[10]; V–I = 0.799±0.068[10]
Absolute magnitude (H)	11.60[1][3][6][8][11]; 11.691±0.002 (S/R)[7]

15094 Polymele /pɒlɪˈmiːliː/ is a primitive Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 21 kilometers (13 miles) in diameter. It is a target of the Lucy mission with a close fly by planned to occur in September 2027.[9][12] It was discovered on 17 November 1999, by astronomers with the Catalina Sky Survey at Mount Lemmon Observatory, Arizona, in the United States. The P-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.9 hours and possibly a spherical shape.[11] It was named after Polymele from Greek mythology, the wife of Menoetius and the mother of Patroclus.[1]

Orbit and classification

Polymele is a Jupiter trojan (or Jovian asteroid) orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L₄ Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.7–5.7 AU once every 11 years and 9 months (4,289 days; semi-major axis of 5.17 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The asteroid's observation arc begins 48 years prior to its official discovery observation at Mount Lemmon, with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in 1951, and published by the Digitized Sky Survey later on.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Polymele, the daughter of Peleus from Greek mythology. According to the Latin author Gaius Julius Hyginus (c. 64 BC – AD 17), she is the wife of the Argonaut Menoetius and the mother of Patroclus, who participated in the Trojan War.[1] Polymele is also known as "Philomela"; that name was previously used for the asteroid 196 Philomela. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 22 February 2016 (M.P.C. 98711).[13]

Lucy mission target

Polymele is planned to be visited by the Lucy spacecraft which will launch in 2021. The fly by is scheduled for 15 September 2027, and will approach the asteroid to a distance of 415 kilometers at a velocity of 6 kilometers per second.[9] The mission's targets with their flyby dates are:[9][14]

52246 Donaldjohanson — 20 April 2025: 4 km diameter C-type asteroid in the inner main-belt, member of ~130Myr old Erigone family;
3548 Eurybates — 12 August 2027: 64 km diameter C-type Jupiter Trojan in the Greek camp at L₄, largest member of the only confirmed disruptive collisional family in the Trojans;
15094 Polymele — 15 September 2027: 21 km diameter P-type Trojan at L₄, likely collisional fragment;
11351 Leucus — 18 April 2028: 34 km diameter D-type slow rotator Trojan at L₄;
21900 Orus — 11 November 2028: 51 km diameter D-type Trojan at L₄;
617 Patroclus — 2 March 2033: D-type binary Trojan. The primary, Patroclus, has a mean diameter of 113 km and its companion, Menoetius, P-type, has a diameter of 104 km. The pair orbit at a separation of 680 km. The binary resides in the Trojan camp at L₅.

Physical characteristics

Polymele has been characterized as a primitive P-type asteroid by the investigators of the Lucy mission.[9] P-type asteroids are known for their low albedo. It has a V–I color index of 0.799,[10] which is lower than that for most larger Jupiter trojans (see table below).

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Polymele measures 21.075 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.091,[5][6][8] while in 2018, Marc Buie published an albedo of 0.073 and an absolute magnitude of 11.691 in the S- and/or R band.[7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a larger diameter of 26.64 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.[11]

Lightcurves

In March 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Polymele was obtained from photometric observations by Marc Buie and colleges. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.8607±0.0005 hours with a small brightness amplitude of 0.09±0.03 magnitude (U=2-), which indicates that the body has a spheroidal shape.[7] Previously, the Lucy mission team published spin rates of 6.1 and 4 hours, respectively.[9][12]

100+ largest Jupiter trojans

Largest Jupiter Trojans by survey^(A) (mean-diameter in kilometers; YoD: Year of Discovery)
Designation	H	WISE	IRAS	Akari	Ln	RP	V–I	YoD	Ref
624 Hektor	7.2	225	233	230.99	L4	6.92	0.930	1907	list
617 Patroclus	8.19	140.362	140.92	140.85	L5	102.80	0.830	1906	list
911 Agamemnon	7.89	131.038	166.66	185.30	L4	6.59	0.980	1919	list
588 Achilles	8.67	130.099	135.47	133.22	L4	7.31	0.940	1906	list
3451 Mentor	8.4	126.288	116.30	117.91	L5	7.70	0.770	1984	list
3317 Paris	8.3	118.790	116.26	120.45	L5	7.09	0.950	1984	list
1867 Deiphobus	8.3	118.220	122.67	131.31	L5	58.66	0.930	1971	list
1172 Äneas	8.33	118.020	142.82	148.66	L5	8.71	0.950	1930	list
1437 Diomedes	8.3	117.786	164.31	172.60	L4	24.49	0.810	1937	list
1143 Odysseus	7.93	114.624	125.64	130.81	L4	10.11	0.860	1930	list
2241 Alcathous	8.64	113.682	114.63	118.87	L5	7.69	0.940	1979	list
659 Nestor	8.99	112.320	108.87	107.06	L4	15.98	0.790	1908	list
3793 Leonteus	8.7	112.046	86.26	87.58	L4	5.62	0.780	1985	list
3063 Makhaon	8.4	111.655	116.14	114.34	L4	8.64	0.830	1983	list
1583 Antilochus	8.6	108.842	101.62	111.69	L4	31.54	0.950	1950	list
884 Priamus	8.81	101.093	96.29	119.99	L5	6.86	0.900	1917	list
1208 Troilus	8.99	100.477	103.34	111.36	L5	56.17	0.740	1931	list
1173 Anchises	8.89	99.549	126.27	120.49	L5	11.60	0.780	1930	list
2207 Antenor	8.89	97.658	85.11	91.32	L5	7.97	0.950	1977	list
2363 Cebriones	9.11	95.976	81.84	84.61	L5	20.05	0.910	1977	list
4063 Euforbo	8.7	95.619	102.46	106.38	L4	8.85	0.950	1989	list
2357 Phereclos	8.94	94.625	94.90	98.45	L5	14.39	0.960	1981	list
4709 Ennomos	8.5	91.433	80.85	80.03	L5	12.28	0.690	1988	list
2797 Teucer	8.7	89.430	111.14	113.99	L4	10.15	0.920	1981	list
2920 Automedon	8.8	88.574	111.01	113.11	L4	10.21	0.950	1981	list
(15436) 1998 VU30	9.1	87.646	85.71	78.63	L4	8.97	0.870	1998	list
3596 Meriones	9.2	87.380	75.09	73.28	L4	12.96	0.830	1985	list
2893 Peiroos	9.23	86.884	87.46	86.76	L5	8.96	0.950	1975	list
4086 Podalirius	9.1	85.495	86.89	85.98	L4	10.43	0.870	1985	list
4060 Deipylos	9.3	84.043	79.21	86.79	L4	9.30	0.760	1987	list
1404 Ajax	9.3	83.990	81.69	96.34	L4	29.38	0.960	1936	list
4348 Poulydamas	9.5	82.032	70.08	87.51	L5	9.91	0.840	1988	list
5144 Achates	9.0	80.958	91.91	89.85	L5	5.96	0.920	1991	list
4833 Meges	8.9	80.165	87.33	89.39	L4	14.25	0.940	1989	list
2223 Sarpedon	9.41	77.480	94.63	108.21	L5	22.74	0.880	1977	list
(4489) 1988 AK	9.0	76.595	92.93	95.02	L4	12.58	0.950	1988	list
2260 Neoptolemus	9.31	76.435	71.65	81.28	L4	8.18	0.950	1975	list
5254 Ulysses	9.2	76.147	78.34	80.00	L4	28.72	0.970	1986	list
(3708) 1974 FV1	9.3	75.661	79.59	76.75	L5	6.55	0.980	1974	list
2674 Pandarus	9.1	74.267	98.10	101.72	L5	8.48	1.000	1982	list
3564 Talthybius	9.4	73.730	68.92	74.11	L4	40.59	0.900	1985	list
4834 Thoas	9.1	72.331	86.82	96.21	L4	18.19	0.950	1989	list
(7641) 1986 TT6	9.4	71.839	68.97	75.28	L4	27.77	0.980	1986	list
3540 Protesilaos	9.3	70.225	76.84	87.66	L4	8.95	0.940	1973	list
(11395) 1998 XN77	9.8	68.977	64.71	67.78	L4	17.38	–	1998	list
(4035) 1986 WD	9.6	68.733	68.23	66.99	L4	13.47	0.970	1986	list
5264 Telephus	9.4	68.472	73.26	81.38	L4	9.53	0.970	1991	list
1868 Thersites	9.5	68.163	70.08	78.89	L4	10.48	0.960	1960	list
(9799) 1996 RJ	9.6	68.033	64.87	72.42	L4	21.52	0.910	1996	list
4068 Menestheus	9.5	67.625	62.37	68.46	L4	14.40	0.950	1973	list
(23135) 2000 AN146	9.9	66.230	58.29	68.50	L4	8.69	0.860	2000	list
2456 Palamedes	9.3	65.916	91.66	99.60	L4	7.24	0.920	1966	list
3709 Polypoites	9.1	65.297	99.09	85.23	L4	10.04	1.000	1985	list
1749 Telamon	9.5	64.898	81.06	69.14	L4	16.98	0.970	1949	list
3548 Eurybates	9.6	63.885	72.14	68.40	L4	8.71	0.730	1973	list
4543 Phoinix	9.7	63.836	62.79	69.54	L4	38.87	1.200	1989	list
12444 Prothoon	9.8	63.835	64.31	62.41	L5	15.82	–	1996	list
4836 Medon	9.5	63.277	67.73	78.70	L4	9.82	0.920	1989	list
(16070) 1999 RB101	9.7	63.191	64.13	68.98	L5	20.24	0.960	1999	list
(15440) 1998 WX4	9.6	62.519	66.48	71.88	L4	21.43	0.970	1998	list
(4715) 1989 TS1	9.7	62.097	63.91	65.93	L5	8.81	0.850	1989	list
(34746) 2001 QE91	9.8	61.684	60.51	63.63	L5	19.63	0.950	2001	list
(38050) 1998 VR38	9.8	61.603	61.04	50.44	L4	18.85	0.990	1998	list
5130 Ilioneus	9.7	60.711	59.40	52.49	L5	14.77	0.960	1989	list
5027 Androgeos	9.6	59.786	57.86	n.a.	L4	11.38	0.910	1988	list
(6090) 1989 DJ	9.4	59.568	74.53	81.92	L4	18.48	0.980	1989	list
(5648) 1990 VU1	9.7	59.295	63.91	n.a.	L5	37.56	0.900	1990	list
7119 Hiera	9.7	59.150	76.40	77.29	L4	400	0.950	1989	list
4805 Asteropaios	10.0	57.647	53.16	43.44	L5	12.37	–	1990	list
16974 Iphthime	9.8	57.341	55.43	57.15	L4	78.9	0.960	1998	list
4867 Polites	9.8	57.251	58.29	64.29	L5	11.24	1.010	1989	list
2895 Memnon	10.0	56.706	55.67	n.a.	L5	7.50	0.710	1981	list
4708 Polydoros	9.9	54.964	55.67	n.a.	L5	7.52	0.960	1988	list
(21601) 1998 XO89	10.0	54.909	55.67	56.08	L4	12.65	0.970	1998	list
(12929) 1999 TZ1	9.9	54.077	61.04	55.34	L5	9.27	0.880	1999	list
17492 Hippasos	10.0	53.975	55.67	n.a.	L5	17.75	–	1991	list
5652 Amphimachus	10.1	53.921	53.16	52.48	L4	8.37	1.050	1992	list
2759 Idomeneus	9.9	53.676	61.01	52.55	L4	32.38	0.910	1980	list
(5258) 1989 AU1	10.2	53.275	50.77	n.a.	L4	19.85	1.010	1989	list
(12126) 1999 RM11	10.1	53.202	n.a.	n.a.	L5	n.a.	?	1999	list
(15502) 1999 NV27	10.0	53.100	55.67	50.86	L5	15.13	0.875	1999	list
4754 Panthoos	10.0	53.025	53.15	56.96	L5	27.68	–	1977	list
4832 Palinurus	10.0	52.058	53.16	n.a.	L5	5.32	1.000	1988	list
5126 Achaemenides	10.5	51.922	44.22	48.57	L4	53.02	–	1989	list
3240 Laocoon	10.2	51.695	50.77	n.a.	L5	11.31	0.880	1978	list
4902 Thessandrus	9.8	51.263	61.04	71.79	L4	738	0.960	1989	list
11552 Boucolion	10.1	51.136	53.16	53.91	L5	32.44	–	1993	list
(20729) 1999 XS143	10.4	50.961	46.30	n.a.	L4	5.72	1.000	1999	list
(6545) 1986 TR6	10.1	50.951	53.16	n.a.	L4	16.26	0.910	1986	list
4792 Lykaon	10.1	50.870	53.16	n.a.	L5	40.09	0.960	1988	list
21900 Orus	10.0	50.810	55.67	53.87	L4	13.45	0.950	1999	list
1873 Agenor	10.1	50.799	53.76	54.38	L5	20.60	–	1971	list
5028 Halaesus	10.2	50.770	50.77	n.a.	L4	24.94	0.900	1988	list
2146 Stentor	9.9	50.755	58.29	n.a.	L4	16.40	–	1976	list
4722 Agelaos	10.0	50.378	53.16	59.47	L5	18.44	0.910	1977	list
5284 Orsilocus	10.1	50.159	53.16	n.a.	L4	10.31	0.970	1989	list
11509 Thersilochos	10.1	49.960	53.16	56.23	L5	17.37	–	1990	list
5285 Krethon	10.1	49.606	58.53	52.61	L4	12.04	1.090	1989	list
4791 Iphidamas	10.1	49.528	57.85	59.96	L5	9.70	1.030	1988	list
9023 Mnesthus	10.1	49.151	50.77	60.80	L5	30.66	–	1988	list
5283 Pyrrhus	9.7	48.356	64.58	69.93	L4	7.32	0.950	1989	list
4946 Askalaphus	10.2	48.209	52.71	66.10	L4	22.73	0.940	1988	list
(22149) 2000 WD49	10.2	48.190	50.77	50.37	L4	7.84	1.090	2000	list
(32496) 2000 WX182	10.2	48.017	50.77	51.63	L5	23.34	0.950	2000	list
5120 Bitias	10.2	47.987	50.77	n.a.	L5	15.21	0.780	1988	list
12714 Alkimos	10.1	47.819	61.04	54.62	L4	28.48	–	1991	list
(7352) 1994 CO	9.9	47.731	55.67	47.07	L5	648	0.850	1994	list
1870 Glaukos	10.6	47.649	42.23	n.a.	L5	5.99	—	1971	list
4138 Kalchas	10.1	46.462	53.16	61.04	L4	29.2	0.810	1973	list
(23958) 1998 VD30	10.2	46.001	50.77	47.91	L4	562	0.990	1998	list
4828 Misenus	10.4	45.954	46.30	43.22	L5	12.87	0.920	1988	list
4057 Demophon	10.1	45.683	53.16	n.a.	L4	29.82	1.060	1985	list
4501 Eurypylos	10.4	45.524	46.30	n.a.	L4	6.05	–	1989	list
4007 Euryalos	10.3	45.515	48.48	53.89	L4	6.39	–	1973	list
5259 Epeigeus	10.3	44.741	42.59	44.42	L4	18.42	–	1989	list
30705 Idaios	10.4	44.546	46.30	n.a.	L5	15.74	–	1977	list
16560 Daitor	10.7	43.861	51.42	43.38	L5	–	–	1991	list
(15977) 1998 MA11	10.4	43.530	46.30	51.53	L5	250	0.906	1998	list
7543 Prylis	10.6	42.893	42.23	n.a.	L4	17.80	–	1973	list
4827 Dares	10.5	42.770	44.22	n.a.	L5	19.00	–	1988	list
1647 Menelaus	10.5	42.716	44.22	n.a.	L4	17.74	0.866	1957	list
^(A) Used sources: WISE/NEOWISE catalog (NEOWISE_DIAM_V1 PDS, Grav, 2012); IRAS data (SIMPS v.6 catalog); and Akari catalog (Usui, 2011); RP: rotation period and V–I (color index) taken from the LCDB Note: missing data was completed with figures from the JPL SBDB (query) and from the LCDB (query form) for the WISE/NEOWISE and SIMPS catalogs, respectively. These figures are given in italics. Also, listing is incomplete above #100.

References

"15094 Polymele (1999 WB2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
'Polymela' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 15094 Polymele (1999 WB2)" (2015-06-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
"List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. (online catalog)
Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
Buie, Marc W.; Zangari, Amanda M.; Marchi, Simone; Levison, Harold F.; Mottola, Stefano (June 2018). "Light Curves of Lucy Targets: Leucus and Polymele" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 155 (6): 11. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..245B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd81. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
Levison, H. F.; Olkin, C.; Noll, K. S.; Marchi, S.; Lucy Team (March 2017). "Lucy: Surveying the Diversity of the Trojan Asteroids: The Fossils of Planet Formation" (PDF). 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1964): 2025. Bibcode:2017LPI....48.2025L. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. (October 2012). "Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 20. arXiv:1209.1896. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A.115H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566.
"LCDB Data for (15094) Polymele". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 26 September 2018.
Buie, Marc W.; Zangari, Amanda Marie; Marchi, Simone; Mottola, Stefano; Levison, Harold F. (October 2016). "Ground-based characterization of Leucus and Polymele, two fly-by targets of the Lucy Discovery mission". American Astronomical Society: 208.06. Bibcode:2016DPS....4820806B.
"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
Casey Dreier; Emily Lakdawalla (30 September 2015). "NASA announces five Discovery proposals selected for further study". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 12 April 2017.

External links

Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (15001)-(20000) – Minor Planet Center
15094 Polymele at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
15094 Polymele at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters

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[MPC-object-1] "15094 Polymele (1999 WB2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

[2] 'Polymela' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[jpldata-3] "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 15094 Polymele (1999 WB2)" (2015-06-10 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 September 2018.

[MPC-Jupiter-Trojans-4] "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 20 June 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2018.

[Grav-2012-5] Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. (online catalog)

[Mainzer-2016-6] Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 26 September 2018.

[Buie-2018-7] Buie, Marc W.; Zangari, Amanda M.; Marchi, Simone; Levison, Harold F.; Mottola, Stefano (June 2018). "Light Curves of Lucy Targets: Leucus and Polymele" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 155 (6): 11. Bibcode:2018AJ....155..245B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd81. Retrieved 26 September 2018.

[WISE-8] Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)

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