1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election

General elections were held in the Ottoman Empire in 1920 in order to select delegates to the new Grand National Assembly.[1] The elections were dominated by the Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia (Turkish: Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti), which consisted of nationalist local groups protesting against the Allied occupation of Turkey.

1920 Turkish Grand National Assembly election
1920
422 seats of the Grand National Assembly
212 seats needed for a majority
Elected Speaker

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
ARMHC

Background

Following the 1919 general elections, the newly elected Parliament convened in Istanbul on 12 January 1920. However, its approval of the Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) led to Allied forces occupying the city on 16 March. Several MPs were arrested and deported. Sultan Mehmed VI dissolved Parliament on 11 April.[2]

After Istanbul had been occupied, the leader of the Turkish National Movement Mustafa Kemal sent telegrams out to Provincial Authorities and army commanders on 19 March ordering them to hold elections for a Grand National Assembly.[1]

Aftermath

Following the elections, the new Grand National Assembly met in Ankara on 23 April 1920, with Mustafa Kemal as its chairman.[3]

References
  1. Weiner, Myron; Özbudun, Ergun (1987). Competitive Elections in Developing Countries. Duke University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-8223-0766-9.
  2. Hasan Kayalı (1995) "Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1919" International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp 265–286
  3. Dilip Hiro (2009) Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Iran, Penguin
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