1991 Crimean sovereignty referendum

A referendum on sovereignty was held in the Crimean Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR on 20 January 1991[1] two months before the 1991 All-Union referendum. Voters were asked whether they wanted to re-establish the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which had been abolished in 1945. The proposal was approved by 94% of voters.

Referendum on the State and Legal Status of Crimea,
20 January 1991
Do you support re-establishing the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as a subject of the Union SSR and a participant of the Union Treaty?
Results
Response
 Votes %
Yes 1,343,855 94.30%
No 81,254 5.70%
Valid votes 1,425,109 98.74%
Invalid or blank votes 18,151 1.26%
Total votes 1,443,260 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 1,770,841 81.5%
The decision of the Crimean Regional Council to hold a referendum of 12 November 1990 signed by N.V. Bagrov

Background
Ballot.

The Crimean ASSR was originally created in 1921, as part of the Russian SFSR in the Soviet Union.[2] Crimea was invaded by Nazi Germany during World War II, and when the region was reclaimed by the USSR in 1944, the Crimean Tatars, Armenians, Bulgarians and Greeks were deported to Central Asia under the pretext of alleged collaboration with the German occupiers.[3][4] The ASSR was abolished and Crimea became an oblast.[5] On 5 February 1954 it was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR.[5]

The key difference between being an Oblast and an Autonomous Republic that suggested the referendum lies in republics being parties of New Union Treaty and according to the contemporary laws on quitting from the USSR could decide on their own whether to remain within the leaving Soviet Republic or remain in the USSR.

Results
Choice Votes %
For1,343,82594.30
Against81,2545.70
Invalid/blank votes15,910–
Total1,441,019100
Registered voters/turnout1,770,84181.37
Source: KIA News

Aftermath

Following the referendum, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR passed the law "On Restoration of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialistic Republic" on 12 February 1991.

References
  1. Crimean Tatars: Reflections On “Autonomy” Day UNPO
  2. Sergei Lavrov defends Russia's position on Ukraine Euronews, 3 March 2014
  3. Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. "Sürgün: The Crimean Tatars' deportation and exile - Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence". Massviolence.org. Retrieved 2014-02-27.
  4. To understand Crimea, take a look back at its complicated history The Washington Post, 27 February 2014
  5. Maria Drohobycky (1995) Crimea: Dynamics, Challenges and Prospects, Rowman & Littlefield, p40
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