2008 protests against Kosovo declaration of independence

• On February 17, approximately 2,000 Serbs protested and stoned, then entered Slovenian embassy in which they made major damage (Slovenia was the governing country of EU at the time),[5] burnt down portions of the United States and Croatian embassy in Belgrade, with some throwing stones and firecrackers at the building before being driven back by riot police.[6]
• On February 18, a false bomb threat was called on a Slovenian Mercator store in Belgrade.[7] It was also announced that Beovizija 2008, originally scheduled for February 19, would be rescheduled to March 10 and 11.[8] In the multi-ethnic northern Serbian town of Subotica, approximately 300 protesting Serb youths chanted nationalist slogans directed against the country's Albanian, Hungarian and Croat communities.[9]
• On February 19, protesters damaged several foreign businesses in Užice, including Société Générale, UniCredit and the Croatian-owned supermarket Idea.[10] The Serbian division of U.S. Steel, based in Smederevo, had a false bomb threat called in.[11] In Belgrade, stones were thrown by protesters at the Turkish embassy.[12]
• On February 20, the Australian embassy in Belgrade was closed in anticipation of the following day's protests.[13] A protest in Niš drew several thousand people and was peaceful.[14]

Kosovo is Serbia rally on February 21, 2008 in Belgrade

On February 21, a very large demonstration called Kosovo is Serbia (Косово је Србија, Kosovo je Srbija) was held in Belgrade in front of the Parliament organized by the Serbian government, with up to hundreds of thousands people attending it.[15] Speakers at the protest were: Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, opposition leader Tomislav Nikolić, Republika Srpska Prime Minister Milorad Dodik, Montenegro opposition leader Andrija Mandić, Montenegro opposition politician Predrag Popović, basketball player Dejan Bodiroga, filmmaker Emir Kusturica, tennis player Novak Djokovic (via link), actors Ivana Žigon, Nenad Jezdić and Nataša Tapušković, and Yugoslav crown prince Alexander Karađorđević.

After the protest, people went to the Temple of Saint Sava for a religious service, where a speech was held by acting head of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Archbishop Amfilohije Risto Radović of Montenegro and the Littoral.

The president of Serbia and commander-in-chief of Serbian Armed Forces, Boris Tadic (Democratic Party), did not attend. The rally was not supported by the Liberal Democratic Party[16] nor by the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, both of which are represented in Parliament.

Map of the attacked embassies after the rally

US embassy after Kosovo is Serbia rally on February 21, 2008 in Belgrade

The protest was peaceful until participants arrived at the US, Slovenian and Croatian embassies, where a group of about 1000 rioters[17] separated themselves and started attacking the embassies. They burned the US embassy, entered and destroyed the interior and exterior of the Slovenian embassy[18] and caused minor damage to the Croatian embassy.[19] The security cameras in the Slovenian embassy also filmed the action outside the embassy where Serbian police didn't try to stop the protesters from entering the embassy, instead they moved away, which caused protests in Slovenia.[20] Emergency services were able to put the fire out in embassies after protesters dissipated.[21] At around 21:00 UTC, American news service CNN reported that "charred remains" of an individual had been found inside the burnt-out offices. Flags of United States, Croatia, Slovenia and European Union were also burnt.[22][23] In response, a group of around fifty Croatian protesters burnt the Serbian flag in central Zagreb, after which the police arrested 44 of them.[24] Police guarded the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade on February 22.[25] [26] Other foreign embassies damaged in the course of the protest included those of Belgium, Germany and Turkey.[27][28] In Belgrade and Novi Sad, McDonald's shops were damaged by protesters.[29] According to Serbian sources, the violent protesters were ad hoc football fans. 54 policemen and 34 citizens were injured. A Dutch journalist suffered broken ribs.[30] Serbian politicians condemned the violence.[31] The total damage from the violence was estimated at over 8 million Serbian dinars ($US 143,000).[32] The United Nations Security Council responded to these incidents by issuing a unanimous statement that, "The members of the Security Council condemn in the strongest terms the mob attacks against embassies in Belgrade, which have resulted in damage to embassy premises and have endangered diplomatic personnel," noting that the 1961 Vienna Convention requires host states to protect embassies.[33] In response to the attacks, the German embassy announced that it would temporarily stop granting visas to Serbian citizens.[28] Also on February 21, Serbian army reservists from Kuršumlija took their protest into Kosovo, during which time they attacked the Kosovo Police Service with stones.[34] An explosive was set off in the Kosovo Serb enclave of Kosovska Mitrovica near a United Nations-run courthouse.[35] During the rally there were people who carried portraits of ICTY-fugitive former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić and the blue-red flag of the far-right Orthodox organization Obraz.[36] In Kraljevo, Obraz was responsible for the vandalization of an Evangelical church.[32] In Valjevo, a Slovenian firm Sava Osiguranje was set on fire, most likely by protesting youths.[37] The Radio Television of Serbia took American films and sitcoms off the air, replacing them with content from Spain and Russia, who have been against Kosovo's independence.[38]

The Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration warned against travelling to Belgrade, resulting in the cancellation of an Adriatic League basketball match between Zagreb's KK Cibona and Belgrade's KK Partizan.[39] A concert by the Croatian band Hladno pivo scheduled for February 29 was similarly cancelled.[40] Also on February 22, the United States embassy in Serbia ordered the temporary evacuation of all non-essential personnel, after the protests and attacks on the embassy. Rian Harris, a U.S. embassy spokeswoman, explained the evacuation to AFP saying that "Dependents are being temporarily ordered to depart Belgrade. We do not have confidence that Serbian authorities can provide security for our staff members."[41] Slovenia also closed its own embassy, recommending its citizens not to travel to Serbia.[42] The European Union froze talks with Serbia on the Stabilization and Association Agreement, the country's next step in EU-integration.[43] Meanwhile, nationalist organizations were reportedly spreading leaflets urging citizens to boycott banks and goods coming from the countries that support the independence of Kosovo.[44]

The American embassy drew down staffing in Belgrade with a convoy headed to Croatia.[45] By this time, Serbian authorities reported that 200 rioters from the Belgrade protest had been arrested.[2] The Kosovo-Serbia border crossings had also been normalized.[2] The Liberal Democratic Party and the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina again expressed criticism of prime minister Koštunica and his handling of the events since Kosovo's declaration.[46]

Serbia's National Security Council met to discuss how police had failed to stop the mob from attacking the embassy on the 21st.[47]

The United States raised its travel alert for Serbia to a travel warning.[48]

Zoran Vujović, the protester who died during the attack on the U.S. embassy, was buried in Novi Sad on February 26.[4] Several thousand people attended the funeral.[4]

Human Rights Watch said that "Serbia's government should act quickly to reduce the dangerously hostile climate for human rights groups" since the Kosovo declaration.[49]

The largest protest in Valjevo drew a crowd of several thousand people on February 28.[50]

On February 29, Serbian police charged 80 people in connection with the embassy attacks.[51]