2010–2011 University of Puerto Rico strikes

Police near protests at the Río Piedras campus

The General Student Council of the Rio Piedras campus held a General Assembly of Students on Tuesday, April 13, 2010 at the UPR-RP Theatre. Due to student overflow, the assembly was simultaneously held at Amphitheater Number 1 at the School of Education.

In assembly, students approved a motion to create a Negotiating Committee which would be delegated to discuss several issues with the university administration.[5] The students demanded a repeal of Certification 98, put into order by the Board of Trustees, which made changes to student waiver policies by limiting them.[6] Students were also opposed to tuition fee increases and demanded guarantees that campuses would not be privatized.[6]

A call to strike was approved to pressure the administration to talk to and negotiate with students. The strike would last 48 hours starting on April 20, 2010 and if the administration failed to comply with student demands, an indefinite strike would begin on April 23, 2010.[1]

Students from the Mayagüez Campus of the University of Puerto Rico also held a general assembly, in which they ratified the indefinite strike vote. The ratification vote led to a long and heated debate during the assembly, as students took turns in favor and against the strike. Students also deliberated on whether to vote by secret ballot or by hand vote. The vote for indefinite strike was ratified by an evident majority of the students through a hand vote.[6]

With this vote for strike, Mayagüez students joined the 9 other campuses, including Rio Piedras, on a campus-wide indefinite student strike.[6]

The Medical Sciences Campus was the only campus to remain operational throughout the strike.[7][8]

After negotiations had almost ended the strike, it was discovered that there was going to be a 100% estimated tuition hike. The hike, unveiled by the President of the Board of Trustees, Ygrí Rivera, made the previously negotiated achievements on the waivers or exemptions almost inconsequential. The administration "flexibilised" the hike, trying to make students agree with either a 100% tuition hike or a $1,300 Special Fee. The fee would be paid twice or three times a year, for a three-year period, and would be tied to a tuition fee increase after the three-year period, despite the fact that tuition increases are already in place until the 2015–16 academic year according to Certification 60.

In order to have the special fee approved, in July 2010 the government modified the Board of Trustees to increase their members from 13 to 17. Then, they imposed a special fee of $800.00 per year indefinitely.[11]

A group of Puerto Rican artists decided host a concert titled ¡Que vivan l@s estudiantes! on April 28, in support for the students on strike. Some of the artists present were Antonio Caban Vale (El Topo), Tito Auger, Los Rayos Gamma, Andy Montañez, Danny Rivera, and among many others. Rene Perez of the duo Calle 13 expressed his support and presented a video of artists who were supporting the students. Some of the artists in the video were: Ricky Martin, Ruben Blades, Juanes, Bebe, and Alejandro Sanz among others.[12][13] More concerts were also held in other campuses, including Mayagüez, Cayey, Humacao and Bayamon.

On May 21, more than 1,000 professors from all 11 campuses met in a General Assembly.[10] During that assembly, the professors voted to continue the strike should university officials end it by using police force against students. They also called for the resignation of the President of the UPR and of the President of the Board of Trustees, Ygrí Rivera.[10] Non-teaching university employees also showed support to striking students, such as the Hermandad (HEEND) union and the Syndicate representing university maintenance workers.[8]

UNAM students have released communiques in favor of the student strike. Also students from the Dominican Republic published a letter on May 5, 2010, supporting the UPR students and their strike.[14] Around 230 University of Barcelona students have signed a paper in favor of the strike too.[15] The Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo's School of Social Work Professors Association has expressed support in the struggle against "the destruction of education at the University of Puerto Rico",[16] as have several student organizations from the Dominican Republic,[17] and the Internationalist Clubs at CUNY.[18]

On April 27, professors from the Cayey campus went on a 72-hour strike in support of the students. On that same day, the students of the Cayey campus also approved a 72-hour strike. On April 29, the Río Piedras campus chapter of the "Asociación Puertorriqueña de Profesores Universitarios" staged a one-day walk-out in support of the students, and called on its members to respect the picket line. On May 3, in a Joint General Assembly with professors, workers and students of the Cayey campus, all agreed to making the strike an indefinite one until the university administration negotiated.

After a faculty meeting, professors from the Mayagüez Campus said that they did not trust their chancellor, Jorge Rivera Satos, on May 4 thanks to his unwillingness to negotiate with students and professors of the University. The chancellor of the Arecibo campus, Ana Gómez, resigned to her job because José de la Torre asked her to do so. The deans of the campus resigned their jobs, because they believed that de la Torre treated her badly and that he asked Gómez to quit because she was in favor of the strike. There were many professor like Julio Muriente, who used popular radio stations like Radio Isla to talk in favor of the students. The Brotherhood of nonteaching staff (HEEND) union, representing non-teaching employees, and the Syndicate representing university maintenance workers, also issued calls to their members to respect the picket lines.

In the University of Arecibo the deans resigned their position. The HEEND also joined the strike because they wanted a new collective agreement. The president of the organization, Wilberto Jiménez Rivera wrote a series of articles in newspapers like "El Nuevo Día", where he expresses his solidarity with the strike. On Friday May 21, the professors of all 11 campuses met in a General Assembly held at the Cayey Municipal Arena. There were about 1,100 professors members present. During that assembly, the professors voted to support the student strike. They also voted to ask for the resignation of the President of the UPR and of the President of the Board of Trustees, the elimination of the 98 certification, the assignation of 9.6% of the government's money to the university, and they threatened the government by saying they were going to participate in the strike if the Board of Trustees did not reunite with the students. They expressed their objection to the presence of riot police around the different campuses.

There were other unions that actively participated in the strike, such as the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration, and the Independent union of the authority of public buildings (UIAEP). They gave food and water to the students. Some of the syndicate leadership, like the ones of the UTIER, believed that the strike was not for the students, but to make their own demands, such as a salary raise. According to the Notiuno radio station, the strike also had the international support of different unions of New York. The Union of Teachers of Brazil sent a letter to the students in solidarity with their cause.

During the first days of the 48-hour strike, UPR Rector, Ana Guadalupe, improperly declared an administrative closure that included the UPR press department. Because there was no media coming "from the inside", student activist Aura Colon, along with several other law school students and some students from other departments, used her experience in the press to establish a blog that would serve as the voice of the student movement publishing objective reports on the activities related to the strike.

The domain (www.rojogallito.com) was donated by an alumnus who supported the movement. The Desde Adentro press corp has since collaborated with leading Puerto Rican news outlets to deliver news through various formats, including written and video news coverage (Concert at the end of the 24 hours strike 5/19/2010).

In need of a fast, reliable medium to communicate with a widely spread audience, a group of students from Rio Piedras Campus organized a worker's collective during the early days of the strike that started audio broadcasts through their own radio station, named Radio Huelga. The station's initial broadcast occurred at 4:00PM (AST) on May 2. Broadcasting from within the blocked Rio Piedras campus, producing a wide variety of shows (including its own soap opera) and featuring many young, enthusiastic DJs, it shared relevant information about breaking news occurring at different campuses all over Puerto Rico during and after the strike. It also broadcast solidarity concerts from the Rio Piedras, Bayamón and Mayagüez campuses, as well as a "clandestine" acoustic program by members of the Puerto Rico reggae band Cultura Profética (which sneaked into campus at the moment where the Puerto Rico Police Department blockade was most stringent). They also featured solidarity broadcasts from former UPR students based in New York City, Amsterdam, and Barcelona.

Their live-streaming page (which can be viewed at: and ) received over 300,000 hits during the UPR strike. The student collective still maintains the radio station, in a 24/7 format.

Radio Huelga also broadcasts through a low-power AM station (1650AM), with a coverage radius of 1-square-mile (2.6 km²). Due to FCC regulations the geographic coverage of the station is limited to the Hato Rey and Río Piedras subsections of San Juan.

UPR administration launched a series of advertisements on national newspapers, radio stations, and eventually TV stations. The ads varied each day, calling on the students to stop the strike, warning that a semester cancellation was due. They also asked the people of Puerto Rico to "not let foreign/strange elements" set the agenda of the UPR. Calling the student leaders liars, and people without honour, the ads then became more intense, using about eight students claiming that without the strike ending, they would not be able to graduate, continue studies, or get jobs.

Six economists estimated that the university's budget on advertising was around $5,200, however the administration has now spent close to a million dollars on advertising against the student strike.[19]

The National Negotiating Committee also spent time doing their own advertisement. Just before the administration's advertisements came out, the NNC shot a commercial intended to encourage students (and now all of Puerto Rico since the strike turned into an island-wide issue) to keep supporting them. It was also suggested by the government's ruling party and their supporters that the students had economic support from political sources, supposedly the PPD ("Partido Popular Democratico").

The local media coverage on the deployment of "elite" Puerto Rican Police units inside and outside campus, showed images of alleged students and strike activists, allegedly arrested using excessive methods (including pepper spray use and immobilization of jaws to facilitate detention). This provoked general criticism against a police presence inside the Río Piedras campus. The turning point was the mutiny in front of Lazaro Library on February 9, where students fought back against the police for having used excessive force while trying to detain students during an event for the painting of "Conscience Street". The police attack angered the public, who rallied a massive phone campaign to the Governor's mansion, pleading for the Police to be driven off the campus.

As part of the events taking place, students used smoke bombs to drive students out of their classrooms,[23] tried to convert other students as they entered the campus, organized and executed marches inside and outside the campus, and artistic events to attract the attention of less involved students.

The citizen pressure resulted in the fall of Jose Ramon de la Torre, who resigned the Presidency of UPR on February 11, as well as the removal of all tactical police units from the Río Piedras Campus, as ordered by Governor Luis Fortuño on February 14.

On March 7, 2011, the level of campus violence reached the point where Río Piedras Chancellor Ana Guadalupe and the campus security chief were assaulted by students, notwithstanding the presence of journalists, photographers, and cameramen. Surrounded by angry students, a visibly shaken Guadalupe was hurried to a campus security vehicle, which was attacked by students, who broke vehicle windows and mirrors. The chancellor was taken from the scene to an area hospital, where she was treated for small wounds on her shoulder.[24]

Government and civic leaders, and professors and students—many of whom previously backed the strikers—condemned these actions. That this happened was to be expected, as the strikers had, until that point, maintained the appearance of keeping the moral high ground, but that appearance was destroyed by the attack. Probably as a direct consequence, as of mid-March, support for the strike quickly vanished. The strikers' public image rapidly deteriorated, and the new leaders lost much of the public respect which the 2010 leaders had built.

By May 2011 the strike, although not formally ended, had died out, and the activist movement scrambled to control the damage. One last act of defiance took place in the 2011 graduation ceremony, where a handful of law students, including 2010 student strikers, stood up, and turned their backs to Chancellor Guadalupe and President Miguel Muñoz. This act was copied by hundreds of undergraduate students during the undergraduate graduation ceremonies.

As of early 2012, rumors persisted of further strikes at the University of Puerto Rico. If a strike was to develop along the pattern of the previous ones, it was likely to occur shortly before closing the second semester of the 2011–12 academic year. On March 13, 2012, a new student assembly tried to organize a vote for a definite-duration strike in favor, among other things, of free university education. The motion was not carried, but an eleventh-hour motion put such a definite-duration strike on standby. Students called for a new assembly in April 2012. At that point, the March 13 assembly ended, in part because the necessary quorum was no longer present.

A new assembly was convened for April 11, 2012, but this one did not achieve the necessary quorum for action.

It was an eleventh-hour motion, controversial because of the lack of quorum, that approved the 2010 48-hour strike, which became an indefinite strike lasting 59 days. This in turn catalyzed the continuation strike of 2011, which ended only after the strike leaders assaulted Chancellor Guadalupe.