University of Puerto Rico

The University of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Universidad de Puerto Rico, UPR) is the main public university system in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It is a government-owned corporation with 11 campuses and approximately 58,000 students and 5,300 faculty members.[3] UPR has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in the commonwealth, with 472 academic programs of which 32 lead to a doctorate.[4] It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".[5]

This article is about the University of the Puerto Rico System. For the system's flagship constituent university, see University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus.
University of Puerto Rico
Seal of the University of Puerto Rico
Latin: Universitas Portoricensis
Former names
Escuela Normal (Normal school)
TypePublic
Established1903 (1903)
Academic affiliations
Sea-grant, Space-grant
Budget$1.52 billion (2014)[lower-alpha 1]
PresidentJorge Haddock Acevedo
Academic staff
5,300[2]
Administrative staff
14,177[2]
Students57,726
Location
San Juan
,
Puerto Rico
Campus11 campuses
Websitewww.upr.edu

History

In 1900, at Fajardo, the Escuela Normal Industrial (normal school) was established as the first higher education center in Puerto Rico. Its initial enrollment was 20 students and 5 professors.[6] The following year it was moved to Río Piedras. On March 12, 1903, the legislature authorized founding of the University of Puerto Rico, and that day the "Escuela Normal" was proclaimed as its first department.

Aerial view of the Río Piedras Campus
Portico of the Mayagüez Campus (RUM)
The University of Puerto Rico main tower ( this tower is inspired by the Giralda, the medieval tower of the cathedral of Seville) includes the emblems both of Harvard University—the oldest in the United States—and University of San Marcos—the oldest in Latin America.

1908 - The Morrill-Nelson Act is extended to Puerto Rico, making the University a "Land Grant College," which authorizes use of federal land to establish colleges of agriculture, science and engineering.

1910 - Establishment of the College of Liberal Arts.

1911 - Establishment of the College of Agriculture at Mayagüez. A year later the name was changed to College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.

1913 - The Departments of Pharmacy and Law were established.

1913 - University High School (UHS) is founded to provide clinical experience and supervised practice for teacher applicants, support staff and other teaching professionals.

1923 - The University Act of 1923- the University reorganized administratively it independent Insular Department of Education, provides the Board of Trustees as the governing board, and make the position of Rector as the principal officer. In 1924 the governor appointed the first Rector. The enrollment is 1,500 students.

1924 - The administrative structure and identity of the University of Puerto Rico is completely independent of the Department of Public Instruction.

1925 - Act 50 gave the UPR educational autonomy. This led to a total restructuring and the beginning of a period of rapid growth.

1926- The School of Commerce (later School of Business Administration) and the School of Tropical Medicine were established.

1927 - Opening of the first graduate program: the Master of Arts in Hispanic Studies.

1928 - The San Felipe Segundo hurricane struck the island of Puerto Rico and caused serious damage in the Río Piedras campus. Staff and faculty began a reconstruction effort.

1935 - The U.S. Congress extended to Puerto Rico the benefits of Bankhead-Jones Act, which provided funding for research and the construction of more buildings.

1936 - 1939 - Major structures in Spanish Renaissance style are built in the quadrangle in Río Piedras, including buildings such as the Tower Theatre and the University.

1938 - Augusto Rodríguez composed the music and lyrics Arriví Francisco's Alma Mater, the University anthem.

1939 - The "chime" mechanism was installed in the tower to play bells at the Río Piedras Campus.

1942 - Act No. 135 of May 7, 1942, amendment to the University, created the Higher Education Council as the governing board of the institution and regulator of the higher education system in Puerto Rico.

1943 - The university adopted the general education core courses modality.

1946 - The University received accreditation from the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

1950 - Beginning of courses in the School of Medicine.

1966 - Act No. 1 of 1966, restructuring the university. The system becomes a three campuses-Río Piedras, Mayagüez and Medical Sciences, and a regional school management to group those that may be created in the future, under the direction of a President. Create a College Board with representation from the regional campuses and colleges, and renamed to the governing Council of Higher Education.

1967 - Creation of the regional colleges: Arecibo, Cayey and Humacao. Five more were created in the following years: Ponce (1969), Bayamón (1971), Aguadilla (1972), Carolina (1973), and Utuado (1978).

1979 - WRTU-FM began broadcasting from the Río Piedras campus.

1993 - Act No. 16 of June 6, 1993, divided the functions of the Council for Higher Education, assigning the functions of government at the University Board of Trustees to a newly created.

1998 - Act No. 186 of August 7, 1998, provides for the gradual autonomy of regional schools as provided by the Board of Trustees, to lead to eleven autonomous units.

In 2010 the Master Plan for the Río Piedras Campus was completed, to direct future growth for the largest campus in the system. It is expected to serve 27,000 students by 2020. The study reviewed existing facilities, identified attainable development scenarios, and provided phasing and implementation strategies. Planned new development includes a sports and recreation center; housing for 800 students; and academic and research facilities. The $700 million development plan is currently being implemented.[7]

The Master Plan for the Bayamón Campus addresses its pressing capital needs. Originally built as a campus of temporary structures to serve 2,500 students, today it serves more than 5,000 students, a figure expected to double by the year 2020. Much of the physical plant needs repair and replacement.[8]

In July 2010, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education placed the accreditation of the University on probation citing concerns about shortfalls in the governance of the institution.[9] By the end of 2011, all 11 campuses had regained full accreditation after demonstrating significant progress in this area.

After the impact of Hurricane Maria the University suffered damages totalling over $175 million. The University system was still in the process of acquiring FEMA funding to repair damages and as a result still suffered from structural damage months after the hurricane. [10] The hurricane also affected the process of accreditation since eight campuses where in non compliance according to of the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. [11]

Organization

Board of Trustees

The board of trustees is the governing body of the University of Puerto Rico. Its membership usually consists of private citizens who are supposed to represent the public interest, faculty members, student representatives, and may or may not include an exofficio political officeholder (typically the Secretary of Education of Puerto Rico). This inconsistency happens as the board's structure changes whenever a political party gains power, usually every 4–8 years. Once both the governor and the legislature of Puerto Rico belong to the same party, one of the earliest laws amended is the one governing the university in order to change the board's composition. Once the new board is settled in, one of the first acts enacted by the new board is to appoint a new university president. This constant back and forth effectively makes the university a highly politicized tool rather than a resource for the people of Puerto Rico, and, consequently, changes the vision, strategy, and plans of the university every 4–8 years according to the political party in power.

Of the different trustees, the governor is usually required to appoint eight trustees "for the public interest" with the advice and consent of the Senate. It is through these trustees, along with the incumbent political officeholder which serves as exofficio, the way in which the governor and the political party in power effectively control the state university. The faculty and student trustees are appointed by the community of the university system. Two of the "public interest trustees" are appointed to nine-year terms, another two are appointed to seven-year terms, and the remaining four are appointed to five-year terms. The faculty and student trustees serve one-year terms. Trustees "representing the public interest" may be reappointed to additional terms as long as the total time served does not exceed eight years. Trustees representing faculty or students may be reappointed to additional terms as long as they remain being a faculty or student within the system while serving.

The last structural change to the board occurred on April 30, 2013 after governor Alejandro García Padilla enacted Act 13 of 2014 together with the 17th Legislative Assembly. The act effectively replaced the incumbent board with an entirely new board.

Campuses
Main article: List of University of Puerto Rico campuses
Campus Municipality Enrollment[12]
University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus San Juan 2,657
University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla Aguadilla 2,973
University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo Arecibo 3,757
University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón Bayamón 5,075
University of Puerto Rico at Carolina Carolina 3,994
University of Puerto Rico at Cayey Cayey 3,817
University of Puerto Rico at Humacao Humacao 3,495
University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez 11,838
University of Puerto Rico at Ponce Ponce 3,120
University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras San Juan 15,441
University of Puerto Rico at Utuado Utuado 1,559

Presidents

Campus radio

UPR broadcasts both in FM (to some areas) and online. The campus radio station is called "WRTU Radio Universidad de Puerto Rico", and it was established in 1980. This is a public radio station with diverse musical and news programming.[13]

Admissions

UPR has the highest selectivity index of all colleges and universities in Puerto Rico, it has also maintained a systemwide admission rate of 67% since 1997. Its enrollment rate has surpassed 90% during the past five academic years.[14] In terms of tuition, the cost per credit is US$124 per undergraduate credit and $300 per graduate credit.

Research

On October 15, 2010 the university was awarded over $25 million from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to support research in nanotechnology. The organization within the University of Puerto Rico impacted is called Puerto Rico EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research). Since its creation 24 years ago, Puerto Rico EPSCoR has received over $180 million from NSF, NASA, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense.[15]

On August 24, 2020 the University announced ten investigations for preventing and mitigating the spread of Covid19 as part of $1.7 million the institution received from the local government. [16]

Rankings and notable facts
University rankings
Global – Overall
QS World[17]801–1000
THE World[18]801-1000
Regional – Overall
QS Latin America[19]45

The University of Puerto Rico:

  • Conducts more than 80% of all post-secondary research on the island.
  • Graduates the largest number of Hispanic engineers under the US flag.
  • Graduates the largest number of chemical engineers under the US flag.
  • Graduates the second largest number of female engineers under the US flag.
  • Owns the largest number of patents by a university on the island.
  • Has the largest enrollment on the island and one of the largest under the U.S. flag.
  • Has the largest faculty body on the island and one of the largest in the United States.
  • Offers the largest variety of academic programs on the island.
  • Offers the largest number of doctoral programs on the island.
  • Confers the largest number of post-secondary degrees on the island.
  • Has graduated six out of ten local governors.

As a system, the University of Puerto Rico placed in the 800-1000 bracket in the 2018 edition of QS World University rankings, and was ranked 42nd in Latin America.[20] Times Higher Education also ranks it in the 801-1000 bracket in the world.[21] UPR was ranked among the best 20 universities in Latin America by SCImago ranking in 2010.[22] The University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras ranked 81st and University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez ranked 73rd in Top Latin America by Webometrics.[23]

The system's only school of engineering at the Mayagüez campus is accredit by ABET and graduates more than 600 engineers per year. The school was chosen as the top engineering school for Hispanics by Hispanic Engineer & Information Technology Magazine.[24]

Puerto Rico has a large pool of engineering students. In October 2002, UPR's job fair had a record-setting number of companies and federal agencies recruiting engineers: 74. The list included Motorola, Raytheon Systems, IBM, the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey.[25] In 2020 the director of NASA grant consortium in Puerto Rico doctor Gerardo Moller, stated that 25% of the Hispanic employees hired by NASA are graduates of the UPR. [26]

Research activity, measured in terms of external funds received, has grown exponentially since 1985, doubling every five years. In 2007-2008 the UPR received over $87 million for research.[27]

Notable alumni
Main article: List of University of Puerto Rico people

See also

Notes
  1. López (2014; in Spanish) "El presupuesto actual consolidado de la institución es de $1,522 millones."[1]

References
  1. López Alicea, Keila (February 27, 2014). "Severos recortes en la UPR". El Nuevo Día. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  2. Historia UPR Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "La Universidad Hoy". Hoy.upr.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  4. Archived June 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  6. Historia de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2009-03-16.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). 2008-04-30.
  7. "Antonio DiMambro + Associates, Inc". Dimambro.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  8. "Antonio DiMambro + Associates, Inc". Dimambro.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  9. "News Archive". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  10. "Más de dos años sin que atiendan el deterioro de la UPR por María". Centro de Periodismo Investigativo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  11. "MSCHE Continues Show Cause Status for 11 UPR Institutions". Middle States Commission on Higher Education. 2019-03-19. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  12. http://www2.pr.gov/presupuestos/PresupuestoRecomendado2014-2015/PresupuestosAgencias/176.htm%5B%5D
  13. "Radio Universidad de Puerto Rico". Radio Universidad de Puerto Rico. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  14. http://www.gdb-pur.com/investors_resources/presentations/UPR.pdf
  15. "Home - El Nuevo Día". Elnuevodia.com. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
  16. "UPR realiza 10 investigaciones para detener el Covid-19 | Educación | elvocero.com". www.elvocero.com. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  17. "QS World University Rankings 2020". Top Universities. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  18. "THE World University Rankings 2020". Times Higher Education University Rankings. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  19. "Latin American University Rankings 2019". Top Universities. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  20. "Universidad de Puerto Rico". Top Universities. Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  21. "QS World University Rankings 2020". Top Universities. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  22. College and university rankings#SCImago institutions rankings: 2009 world report
  23. Archived June 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  24. "Schools". Hispanicengineer.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  25. "World News". Hispanicengineer.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2007. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  26. "El 25% del personal hispano de NASA es egresado de la UPR". Primera Hora. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  27. Archived November 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  28. "ACEVEDO-VILÁ, Aníbal - Biographical Information". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  29. "ROMERO-BARCELÓ, Carlos A. - Biographical Information". Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  30. Biographical information from the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

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