2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign

The 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum 'No' campaign (Turkish: Hayır) refers to a series of political campaigns led by political parties, organisations and media outlets in favour of a 'No' vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum. If the campaign is successful, it will result in Turkey remaining a parliamentary republic as opposed to an executive presidency and would constitute the first direct upset against the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) since they took office in 2002.

Başkanlığa Hayır
Campaign2017 Turkish constitutional referendum
AffiliationRepublican People's Party
Peoples' Democratic Party
Nationalist Movement Party factions
Other smaller parties and organisations (See list)
StatusLost election
SloganGeleceğim için Hayır'
'Demokratik Cumhuriyet Ortak Vatan İçin Hayır
ChantBaşkanlığa Hayır (No to an executive presidency)

 Turkish constitutional referendum 
Sunday, 16 April 2017
Opinion polls
Campaigns

YES
EVET
NO
HAYIR
Choices ordered according to colour and layout of ballot paper
Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video
Main article: 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum

'No' campaigners have faced alleged government-backed coercion and suppression. On 1 March, the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) unveiled a 78-point report regarding irregularities and suppression of 'No' campaigners, with Deputy Leader Öztürk Yılmaz claiming that those who were campaigning for a 'No' vote faced fear and state coercion.[1][2] CHP parliamentary group leader Engin Altay also criticised the government for using state funds to fund the 'Yes' campaign while repressing 'No' voters, claiming that their conduct did not allow them to talk of 'democracy'.[3]

A 'No' vote is favoured by the main opposition CHP and the smaller opposition Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). Over 40 smaller political parties are also in favour of a 'No' vote, as well as a significant number of Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politicians and voters who oppose their executive's call for a 'Yes' vote. The main rivals to the 'No' campaign, which does not have a centralised or united structure, are those who are conducting a 'Yes' campaign.

The 'No' option on the ballot paper used for the referendum is coloured in a light brown.[4]

Supporters

Political parties

The following political parties have favoured a 'No' vote.

Party Leader Political orientation Ref.
CHPRepublican People's Party Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu Kemalism [5]
MHPNationalist Movement Party inner-party factions Collective leadership Nationalism [6]
HDPPeoples' Democratic Party Selahattin Demirtaş & Figen Yüksekdağ Left-wing [7]
SaadetFelicity Party Temel Karamollaoğlu Right-wing [7]
BBPGreat Union Party inner-party factions Collective leadership Far right [8]
VatanPatriotic Party Doğu Perinçek Kemalism [7]
HAK-PARRights and Freedoms Party Refik Karakoç pro-Kurdish [9]
HKPPeople's Liberation Party Nurullah Ankut Communism [10]
DPDemocrat Party Gültekin Uysal Centre-right [11]
KPCommunist Party Arif Hikmet Basa Communism [12]
DSPDemocratic Left Party Önder Aksakal Centre-left [13]
LDPLiberal Democratic Party Gültekin Tırpancı Liberalism [14]
MPNation Party Aykut Edibali Nationalism [15]
DYPTrue Path Party Çetin Özaçıkgöz Centre-right [16]
TSİPSocialist Workers' Party of Turkey Turgut Koçak Socialism [17]
TKPCommunist Party of Turkey Hüseyin Karabulut Communism [18]
ÖDPFreedom and Solidarity Party Collective leadership Left-wing [19]
EMEPLabour Party Selma Gürkan Communism [20]
DSİPRevolutionary Socialist Workers' Party Meltem Oral & Şenol Karakaş Left-wing [21]
YPHomeland Party Sadettin Tantan Nationalism [16]
AYPCrescent Star Party Serap Gülhan Kemalism [22]
EHPLabourist Movement Party Sibel Uzun Left-wing [23]
İKPWorkers' Fraternity Party Mehmet Şadi Ozansü Left-wing [24]
DİPRevolutionist Workers' Party Ömer Sungur Savran Socialism [25]
DBPDemocratic Regions Party Emine Ayna pro-Kurdish [26]
HEPARRights and Equality Party Yücel Savaş Nationalism [27]
ESPSocialist Party of the Oppressed Sultan Ulusoy Far-left [28]
TİKPWorkers Villagers Party of Turkey İsmail Durna Left [29]
ANAPMotherland Party İbrahim Çelebi Centre-right [16]
Dev-PartiRevolutionary People's Party Celal Özcan Left-wing [30]
MTPNationalist Turkey Party Ahmet Yılmaz Büyükekmekci Nationalism [31]
ÖSPFreedom and Socialism Party Sinan Çiftyürek Far-left [32]
1920 TKPSocialist Liberation Party Şener Ataş Communism [33]
Yeşil SolGreens and the Left Party of the Future Naci Sönmez Green politics [34]
TİVEPUnemployed's and Labourers' Party of Turkey Rıfat Derya Sercan Centre-left [35]
SYKPSocialist Refoundation Party Tülay Hatimoğlulları Oruç Far-left [36]
KPWomen's Party Benal Yazgan Feminism [37]
TURANGreat Turan Movement Party Varol Esen Ultra nationalism [38]
HHPRights and Peace Party Gürsel Yıldız Centre [39]
HTKPPeople's Communist Party of Turkey Emre Yağan Communism [40]
CİHAPUniverse Party Kürşad Emre Öğretmek Centre [41]
AnayolMain Path Party Zafer Maden Centre-right [42]
TÜHAPPeople's Party of Turkey Mehmet Çetin Centre [43]
MMPNational Struggle Party Ahmet Kaya Nationalism [44]
ASPAS Party Cavit Kayıkcı Nationalism [45]
İDPWorkers' Democracy Party Oktay Çelik Left-wing [46]
TKHCommunist Movement of Turkey Erkan Pınarbaşı Communism [47]
DevrimciUnited Revolutionist Party Ufuk Göllü Left-wing [48]
APJustice Party Vecdet Öz Centre-right [49]
TBPUnity Party of Turkey Hüseyin Ekici Kemalism [50]
SEPSocialist Laborers' Party Gökçe Şentürk Socialism [51]
EYPUniversal Path Party Metin Güler Alevism [52]
BüyükGreat Turkey Party Tevfik Diker Centre-right [53]
DGPDemocratic Young Party Erkin Çözeli Centre [54]
Ulusal PartiNational Party Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu Third Position [55]

Organisations

The following organisations favour a 'No' vote.

NGO Type Political orientation Ref.
Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) Trade union Centre-left [56]
Turkish Medical Association (TTB) Medical union Centre-left [57]
MHP Dissidents Intra-party opposition Nationalism [58]
BBP Dissidents Intra-party opposition Far-right [59]
Confederation of Public Workers' Unions of Turkey (Türkiye Kamu-Sen) Trade union Centre-right [60]
Confederation of Public Workers' Unions (KESK) Trade union Left-wing [61]
Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (DİSK) Trade union Left-wing [62]
United Confederation of Public Employees' Unions (Birleşik Kamu-İş) Trade union Kemalism [63]
Atatürkist Thought Association (ADD) Kemalism [64]
Youth Union of Turkey (TGB) Youth organisation Kemalism [65]
Republican Women's Association (CKD) Women organization Kemalism [66]
Retired Military Officers Association of Turkey (TESUD) Military veterans organization Kemalism [67]
Artists' Union of Turkey (TSB) Art organization Kemalism [68]
Artists' Initiative Art organization Left-wing [69]
Turkish Law Institution Institution Kemalism [70]
National Constitution Movement Think tank Kemalism [71]
Intellectuals' Hearth Nationalism [72]
Confederation of Turkish Tribes (TÜRKBOY) Nationalism [73]
Social Thought Association (TDD) Nationalism [74]
Turkish Left Magazine Third Position [55]

Republican People's Party (CHP) campaign
CHP MPs holding a press conference in Diyarbakır after campaigning for a 'No' vote
CHP former leader Deniz Baykal at a 'No' campaign event in France
CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu addressing a 'No' rally in Diyarbakır

The Republican People's Party (CHP) held a pre-campaign rally in Adana on 3 December 2016, titled 'We will not partition Turkey'. The rally was also supported by Idealists, who traditionally support the MHP.[75] The CHP parliamentary group voted against the proposals in Parliament but was unable to block their approval.[76] On 15 February 2017, it was announced that the CHP wouldn't refer the voting process, which had been marred by unconstitutional open voting by AKP MPs, to the Constitutional Court, claiming that they believed that voters would reject the proposals at the ballot box.[77]

On 6 February, the CHP unveiled a 10-article booklet detailing the reasons why they supported a 'No' vote, with the 10 key points being opposition to a 'one-man regime', a party state, the end of powers of Parliament, a government without scrutiny, a biased judiciary, en economic crisis, terrorism, the erosion of fundamental and universal values, to partitioning Turkey and an 'elected monarchy'.[78] This followed on from a 21 December 2016 publication released by CHP Deputy Leader Bülent Tezcan, containing 35 questions and answers about the proposed presidential system.[79]

On 28 February, the CHP unveiled their campaign, under the slogan ‘Geleceğim İçin Hayır’ ('No' for my future). It was stated that party logos would not be used during the campaign.[80] The party also unveiled its first official campaign rally to be at Amasya, though one of the party's dissident MPs Muharrem İnce held a rally at Alaplı, Zonguldak Province on 8 March.[81][82] Also on 8 March International Women's Day, the CHP Women's Wing in İzmir held an event where participants spelled out the word 'No' with their bodies, with the scene captured by helicopter. The event was also attended by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu's wife Selvi and Deputy Leader Selin Sayek Böke.[83]

Many CHP MPs began visiting different areas of Turkey and Turkish expats abroad in order to gather support for a 'No' vote soon after the referendum date was announced. The party's former leader Deniz Baykal attended an event in France while İstanbul Member of Parliament Sezgin Tanrıkulu and parliamentary group leader Özgür Özel led a group of MPs to Diyarbakır where the party has no representation.[84][85]

At the start of the campaign, party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu reportedly asked the party's officials to conduct the 'No' campaign on a purely positive basis, refraining from using a negative or alienating discourse. It was also reported that the CHP were getting ready to make a campaign film similar to the 'No' campaign for the Chilean national plebiscite of 1988, which resulted in a victory for the 'No' side and an eventual end to the regime of Augusto Pinochet.

Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) campaign

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