303rd Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 303rd Infantry Brigade was a formation of the British Army organised from surplus Royal Artillery (RA) personnel retrained as infantry towards the end of World War II.
| 303rd Infantry Brigade | |
|---|---|
| Active | Formed 22 January 1945 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Infantry Brigade |
| Role | Lines of Communication |
Origin
By the end of 1944, 21st Army Group was suffering a severe manpower shortage, particularly among the infantry.[1] At the same time the German Luftwaffe was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the United Kingdom could be discounted. In January 1945 the War Office began to reorganise surplus anti-aircraft and coastal artillery regiments in the UK into infantry battalions, primarily for line of communication and occupation duties in North West Europe, thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service.[2][3] The 303rd brigade was one of seven brigades formed from these new units.[4][5]
Composition
The 303rd Infantry Brigade was formed on 22 January 1945 by conversion of the Headquarters of 27th (Home Counties) Anti-Aircraft Brigade within the 2nd Anti-Aircraft Group. It was commanded by Brigadier H.G. Smith[6] and comprised the following Territorial Army RA units:[4][7]
- 632nd (St Pancras) Infantry Regiment Royal Artillery formed by the 33rd (St Pancras) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA). (This had originally been the 19th Battalion, London Regiment (St Pancras) until conversion in 1935.)[8][9][10][11][12]
- 634th (Middlesex) Infantry Regiment, Royal Artillery formed by 36th (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA)[11][13][14]
- 635th (King's Regiment) Infantry Regiment Royal Artillery formed by 38th (The King's Regiment) Searchlight Regiment RA (TA). (This had originally been 6th (Rifle) Battalion of the King's Regiment (Liverpool) until conversion in 1936.)[15][16][17]
Service
After infantry training, including a short period attached to the 61st Infantry Division, the 303rd Brigade was sent to Norway in June 1945 following the liberation of that country (Operation Doomsday).[4]
Notes
- Ellis, pp. 141–2.
- Ellis, pp. 369, 380.
- "Inf Rgts Index".
- Joslen, p. 399.
- "303 Inf Brigade".
- Imperial War Museum papers
- "303 Inf Brigade".
- "632 Inf Rgt".
- "33 SL Rgt".
- https://web.archive.org/web/20051226174950/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-london/vinf/L19StPan.htm
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- Litchfield.
- "634 Inf Rgt".
- "36 SL Rgt".
- "635 Inf Rgt".
- "38 SL Rgt".
- "55 (West Lancashire) Division (1930-36)" (PDF). British Military History. 20 March 2016.
References
- Major L.F. Ellis, "History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West", Volume II: "The Defeat of Germany", London: HMSO, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 1-84574-059-9.
- Lt-Col H.F. Joslen, Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2003, ISBN 1-84342-474-6.
- Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.