439
Year 439 (CDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Festus (or, less frequently, year 1192 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 439 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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| 439 by topic |
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| Gregorian calendar | 439 CDXXXIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1192 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5189 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 360–361 |
| Bengali calendar | −154 |
| Berber calendar | 1389 |
| Buddhist calendar | 983 |
| Burmese calendar | −199 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5947–5948 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 3135 or 3075 — to — 己卯年 (Earth Rabbit) 3136 or 3076 |
| Coptic calendar | 155–156 |
| Discordian calendar | 1605 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 431–432 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4199–4200 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 495–496 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 360–361 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3539–3540 |
| Holocene calendar | 10439 |
| Iranian calendar | 183 BP – 182 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 189 BH – 188 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 323–324 |
| Julian calendar | 439 CDXXXIX |
| Korean calendar | 2772 |
| Minguo calendar | 1473 before ROC 民前1473年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1029 |
| Seleucid era | 750/751 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 981–982 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 565 or 184 or −588 — to — 阴土兔年 (female Earth-Rabbit) 566 or 185 or −587 |
Empress Licinia Eudoxia
Events
Britain
- Battle of Guoloph: Vitalinus (possibly Vortigern) is defeated at the hands of Ambrosius Aurelianus and a combined force of Romano-British forces from across southern Britain.
Roman Empire
- Litorius, Roman general (Magister militum per Gallias), lays siege to Toulouse. During the decisive battle before the walls he suffers a severe defeat and is killed, and only the heavy loss of Visigoths makes King Theodoric I decide to agree to a provisional restoration of the status quo.
- Licinia Eudoxia, wife of emperor Valentinian III, is granted the title of Augusta following the birth of their daughter Eudocia.
- Greek becomes an official language in the Eastern Roman Empire.
Balkans
- Winter – Hun and Roman envoys meet at Margum (modern Bosnia and Herzegovina), an important market town on the Sava River. After negotiations, Attila and his brother Bleda, who are present, accept a four-point peace plan. Trading rights between the two states are confirmed and emperor Theodosius II pays an annual tribute of 700 pounds of gold.[1]
Africa
- King Genseric breaks his treaty with the Western Roman Empire and invades Africa Proconsularis.
- October 19 – Carthage falls to the Vandals. Genseric makes it his capital and establishes the Vandal Kingdom.
- The Vandals establish a North African granary that enables them to enforce their will on other nations, who are dependent on North Africa for grain and other food staples.
Religion
- Isaac the Great, Armenian apostolic patriarch, dies at Ashtishat. He helped to develop a Greek-inspired alphabet, and translate the Bible, along with various Christian writings, into Armenian.
- The Historia Ecclesiastica of Socrates of Constantinople is concluded, perhaps due to the author's death.
- The monastery of Mar Saba is founded near Bethlehem (Palestine).
Births
- Eudocia, Vandal queen and daughter of Valentinian III
- Ming Di, emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (d. 472)
- Sabbas the Sanctified, Christian monk and saint (d. 532)
Deaths
- Isaac, patriarch of Armenia (b. 338)
- Litorius, general of the Western Roman Empire
- Sima Maoying, empress of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 393)
- Spearthrower Owl, ruler of Teotihuacan (Mexico)
References
- The End of Empire (p. 117). Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2
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