485 series

• 
  Interior of SaShi 481-40 restaurant car in 1985

• 485 series (original) (from 1968)
• 485-200 series (from 1972)
• 485-300 series (from 1974)
• 485-1000 series (from 1975)
• 485-1500 series (from 1974)
• 485-3000 series (converted from former 485-1000 series trains between 1996 and 2001)
• Joyful Train variants

The 485 series trains were introduced in 1968. These trains were capable of operating under 1,500 V DC or 20 kV AC (50/60 Hz) overhead wire power supplies.[1] The original design was closely based on the bonnet-style 181 series EMU, with the primary difference being ceilings that were 12.5 cm higher. However, trains produced from 1972 onwards, starting with the 485-200 series, featured a new design with a cab adapted from the 583 series sleeper expresses, which became the standard on nearly all subsequent JNR limited-express EMUs.[1] The 485-200 series trains had gangway doors at the cab ends to allow trains to be operated in multiple, but the 485-300 series trains introduced from 1974 had no gangways.[1] The 485-1500 series trains were built in 1974 for use in Hokkaido.[1] The 485-1000 series trains built from 1975 onward incorporated design improvements from the DC-only 183-1000 series trains.[1]

485 series trains were also used on the Raichō and Super Raichō services from 1968 until the service ended in March 2011. These trains sometimes utilized a panoramic cab car (numbered KuRo 481-2000) which was a "Green Car".

The Inaho and Hokuetsu services have used 485 and 485-3000 series trains since 1969.

The Hitachi service used 485 series trainsets from 1969 to 1998, when it was replaced by Super Hitachi and Fresh Hitachi services.

The Tsugaru service has used 485-3000 series trains since 2002, when the service started.

The Nikkō service used a dedicated 6-car 485 series set from March 2006 until 4 June 2011, which was occasionally substituted by a reserve 189 series set nicknamed Ayano. It was replaced by two 6-car 253 series sets from 4 June 2011.

The Noto has used a single 6-car 485 series train since March 2010, replacing the previous 489 series train.

Currently owned by JR East and formerly by JR-West and JR Kyushu, they also operated in the JR Hokkaido area on regular Hakuchō services, and in JR Central and JR Shikoku areas providing extra services. The last original JNR-style trainset (Sendai-based set A1+A2) operated by JR East was withdrawn in June 2016 after a series of special farewell Hibari, Aizu, and Tsubasa runs on 18 and 19 June.[2]

• 
  A 485 series train with panoramic cab car (KuRo 481-2000) on a Raichō service in December 2006
• 
  A JR-West Super Raichō KuMoHa 485-200 coach
• 
  A JR Kyushu 485-200 series on a Kirishima service in July 2009
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  A JR-West 485-300 series in October 2009
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  A 485-1000 series set in August 2003
• 
  A JR East 485-1500 series in July 2007
• 
  A 485 series train on Nikkō service in May 2011
• 
  A Niigata-based 485-3000 series refurbished train on a Hokuetsu service in July 2013
• 
  An Aomori-based 485-3000 series refurbished train on a Hakucho service in March 2016

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  Resort Express Yū, May 2006
• 
  Utage, September 2006
• 
  Hana, October 2006
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  New Nanohana, July 2003
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  Yamanami, April 2007
• 
  Seseragi, May 2009
• 
  No.Do.Ka, August 2009
• 
  Irodori, July 2010
• 
  Resort Yamadori, July 2011

As of 1 April 2016, only two 485-3000 series refurbished sets remain in service, based at Niigata Depot for use on limited-stop "Rapid" services between Niigata and Itoigawa on the Nihonkai Hisui Line.[3] The six-car sets are formed as follows, with car 1 at the Itoigawa end.[3] The last 485-3000 series-operated rapid trains were discontinued.

• Car 1 includes "Green car" (first class) seating.[3]
• Cars 2 and 4 each have two pantographs.[3]