ATG7

Autophagy related 7 is a protein in humans encoded by ATG7 gene.[5][6] Related to GSA7; APG7L; APG7-LIKE.[6]

ATG7
Identifiers
Aliases	ATG7, APG7-LIKE, APG7L, GSA7, autophagy related 7
External IDs	OMIM: 608760 MGI: 1921494 HomoloGene: 4662 GeneCards: ATG7
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3p25.3 Start 11,272,309 bp[1] End 11,557,665 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 E3 Start 114,643,097 bp[2] End 114,860,614 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein homodimerization activity • transcription factor binding • ubiquitin activating enzyme activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity • Atg12 activating enzyme activity • Atg8 activating enzyme activity Cellular component • cytoplasm • GO:0035085 axoneme • extracellular region • axon • secretory granule lumen • ficolin-1-rich granule lumen • cytosol • pre-autophagosomal structure Biological process • positive regulation of protein catabolic process • cellular response to hyperoxia • cellular response to starvation • Lipid bilayer fusion • cellular protein modification process • defense response to virus • positive regulation of protein modification process • positive regulation of apoptotic process • protein transport • protein lipidation • suppression by virus of host autophagy • protein ubiquitination • autophagy • aging • response to glucose • macroautophagy • response to nutrient levels • neutrophil degranulation • negative regulation of cell death • cellular response to morphine • negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication • regulation of neuron death • response to fluoride • negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death • mitophagy • autophagosome assembly • C-terminal protein lipidation • cellular response to nitrogen starvation • piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus • late nucleophagy • positive regulation of autophagy • regulation of circadian rhythm • chaperone-mediated autophagy • protein modification by small protein conjugation • rhythmic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	10533	74244
Ensembl	ENSG00000197548	ENSMUSG00000030314
UniProt	O95352	Q9D906
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001136031 NM_001144912 NM_006395 NM_001349232 NM_001349233 NM_001349234 NM_001349235 NM_001349236 NM_001349237 NM_001349238	NM_001253717 NM_001253718 NM_028835 NM_001379130
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001129503 NP_001138384 NP_006386 NP_001336161 NP_001336162 NP_001336163 NP_001336164 NP_001336165 NP_001336166 NP_001336167	NP_001240646 NP_001240647 NP_083111 NP_001366059
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 11.27 – 11.56 Mb	Chr 6: 114.64 – 114.86 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

ATG 7, present in both plant and animal genomes, acts as an essential protein for cell degradation and its recycling.[7][8] The sequence associates with the ubiquitin- proteasome system, UPS, required for the unique development of an autophagosomal membrane and fusion within cells.[9]

ATG7 was identified based on homology to yeast cells Pichia pastoris GSA7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae APG7. The protein appears to be required for fusion of peroxisomal and vacuolar membranes.[10]

Autophagy is an important cellular process that helps in maintaining homeostasis. It goes through destroying and recycling the cytoplasmic organelles and macromolecules. During the initiation of autophagy, ATG7 acts like an E-1 enzyme for ubiquitin-like proteins (UBL) such as ATG12 and ATG8. ATG7 helps these UBL proteins in targeting their molecule by binding to them and activating their transfer to an E-2 enzyme. ATG7's role in both of these autophagy-specific UBL systems makes it an essential regulator of autophagosome assembly.[11]

Homologous to the ATP-binding and catalytic sites of E1 activator proteins, ATG7 uses its cysteine residue to create a thiol-ester bond with free Ubiquitin molecules.[9][12] Through UPS, Ubiquitin will continue to bind to other autophagy-related proteins, E2 conjugation proteins and E3 protein ligases, to attach Ubiquitins to a target substrate to induce autophagy.[13]

ATG 7 is often associated with ATG12/ ATG5 sequenced ubiquitination cascade. As well in presence of p53 cell cycle pathways during stressed and nutrient poor environments.[14][15]