Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud

Abdullah bin Faisal (1831–1889) was one of the rulers of the Emirate of Najd, also known as Second Saudi State.

Not to be confused with Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud.

Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud
Ruler of the Second Saudi State
Reign1865 – 1871
PredecessorFaisal bin Turki bin Abdullah
SuccessorSaud bin Faisal bin Turki
Ruler of the Second Saudi State
Reign1871 – 1873
PredecessorSaud bin Faisal bin Turki
SuccessorSaud bin Faisal bin Turki
Born1831
Died1889 (aged 57–58)
Riyadh
Full name
Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Mohammad bin Saud
HouseHouse of Saud

Early life

Abdullah was born in 1831.[1] He was the eldest son of Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah who managed to rule the state, the Emirate of Najd,[2] for 26 years.[3] He had three brothers: Saud, Mohammad and Abdul Rahman.[4][5][6] During the reign of Faisal bin Turki there was a rivalry between his sons, Abdullah and Saud.[7] In addition, their personalities were very different in that the latter was much more liberal, but the former was a strict religious man.[7]

Heir apparent and reign

Abdullah was made heir apparent by his father, Faisal bin Turki,[7] and he enjoyed great power during this period.[4] Faisal died in 1865 when he became the ruler of the state.[8] Following his accession to the throne Abdullah attempted to centralize the power.[9] He was backed by his uncle, Abdullah bin Turki, whose descendants are known as Al Turki branch,[10] and the Wahhabi leaders. Sheikh Abdul Rahman who was the son and successor of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab publicly announced that people should support Abdullah due to the fact that his succession had been previously established by Imam Faisal bin Turki.[5] In the first year of his reign Abdullah signed a treaty with the British authorities to get financial assistance and protection.[11]

Although his succession was not problematic and his brother Saud also declared his allegiance to Abdullah,[5] he later attacked Abdullah's rule.[8][12] The Ajman tribe supported Saud in his atruggle with Abdullah.[13] Therefore, Abdullah demanded the assistance of the Ottoman forces to defeat Saud.[4][14] Following their struggle the Ottoman forces gained Al Hasa in 1871[4] which remained under the rule of the Ottoman state until 1913 when Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman took over the region.[14]

Saud won the struggle in 1871, but at the same time a civil war broke out which lasted for more than a decade.[8] Following a brief rule of Saud Abdullah regained the throne, and Sheikh Abdul Latif, another son of Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab, announced his support to Abdullah.[5] The alliance between Abdullah and Ottomans ended in 1872 due to the former's reluctance to continue the cooperation.[14] Abdullah's second term lasted one more year and finished in 1873 when Saud again became the ruler. This time the youngest brother, Abdul Rahman, ended the reign of Saud in 1875,[4] but Abdul Rahman's rule was very brief.[15] Abdullah regained the power the same year when his rival brother Saud died.[12] However, Abdullah's reign also lasted again very short.[15]

In 1887 Abdullah bin Faisal was imprisoned by Mohammed bin Saud, son of Saud bin Faisal.[14] The Al Rashid rulers freed Abdullah as well as his younger brother Abdul Rahman who were both taken to Hail[4] and were made governors of the Al Rashid administration.[7] Eventually Al Rashids forced the members of the Al Saud family to leave Riyadh.[16]

Personal life and death

One of Abdullah bin Faisal's spouses was from the Rashidi dynasty.[9] He died in 1889[4][17] or in Riyadh in 1890.[1][7]

References
  1. Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). "John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953" (PhD Thesis). University of Birmingham. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  2. Dilip Hiro (1 February 2019). Cold War in the Islamic World: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Struggle for Supremacy. Oxford University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-19-005022-1.
  3. "Faisal bin Turki [1834-1834, 1843-1865]". Global Security. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  4. Parvaiz Ahmad Khanday (2009). "A Critical Analysis of the Religio-Political Conditions of Modern Saudi Arabia" (PhD Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  5. Alejandra Galindo Marines (2001). "The relationship between the ulama and the government in the contemporary Saudi Arabian Kingdom: an interdependent relationship?" (PhD Thesis). Durham University.
  6. "Religion and Politics in Arabia". Foreign Affairs. 1 July 1928.
  7. J.E. Peterson (2003). Historical Dictionary of Saudi Arabia. Scarecrow Press. p. 18.
  8. Joas Wagemakers (February 2012). "The Enduring Legacy of the Second Saudi State: Quietist and Radical Wahhabi Contestations of Al Walāʾ Wa-l-Barāʾ" (PDF). International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (1): 96.
  9. Nadav Safran (2018). "The Rise and Fall of the First Two Realms". Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security. Cornell University Press. p. 17.
  10. Sharaf Sabri (2001). The House of Saud in Commerce: A Study of Royal Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. Sharaf Sabri. p. 234. ISBN 978-81-901254-0-6.
  11. Abdullah Mohammad Sindi. "The Direct Instruments of Western Control over the Arabs: The Shining Example of the House of Saud" (PDF). Social sciences and humanities. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  12. Nabil Mouline (2010). "Power and Generational Transition in Saudi Arabia". Critique internationale. 46 (1).
  13. Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). "John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953" (PhD Thesis). University of Birmingham. p. 246. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  14. Talha Çiçek (May 2017). "The tribal partners of empire in Arabia: the Ottomans and the Rashidis of Najd, 1880–1918". New Perspectives on Turkey. 56: 105–130.
  15. Odah Sultan Odah (1988). "Saudi-American relation 1968-78: A study in ambiguity" (PhD Thesis). University of Salford. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  16. Morton R. Davies; John Greenwood; Nicholas Walkley (8 May 2018). Serving the State: Global Public Administration Education and Training Volume II: Diversity and Change. Taylor & Francis. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-351-76820-7.
  17. Jerald L. Thompson (December 1981). "H. St. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine" (MA Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
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