Addai II Giwargis
Mar Addai II (Syriac: ܡܪܝ ܐܕܝ ܬܪܝܢܐ; born Shlemun Giwargis (Syriac: ܫܠܝܡܘܢ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ) on 1 August 1946[lower-alpha 1] in Iraq) is the incumbent Catholicos-Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East. He resides in the Apostolic See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Baghdad, Iraq.[1]
Addai II | |
|---|---|
| Catholicos Patriarch of the Ancient Church of The East | |
| Native name | ܡܪܝ ܐܕܝ ܬܪܝܢܐ |
| Church | Ancient Church of the East ܥܕܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ |
| Archdiocese | Patriarchal Archdiocese of Baghdad and Basra |
| See | Apostolic See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon |
| Installed | 20 February 1972 |
| Predecessor | Mar Thoma Darmo (1968-1969) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 20 February 1972 at St. Zaia Cathedral (Baghdad, Iraq) |
| Rank | Catholicos-Patriarch |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Shlemun Giwargis |
| Born | August 1, 1946 Iraq |
| Nationality | Assyrian |
| Denomination | Ancient Church of the East |
| Residence | Baghdad, Iraq |
| Occupation | Clergy |
| Previous post | Metropolitan of Iraq (September 1968) |
Tenure as Metropolitan
Prior to being elected as Catholicos-Patriarch, Mar Addai II served as Bishop of Baghdad. He was later elevated to the rank of Metropolitan of Iraq in September 1968, after the schism separating the Ancient Church of the East from the Assyrian Church of the East. Together with Mar Aprem Mooken and Mar Poulose Poulose, Mar Addai consecrated Mar Thoma Darmo as the Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East in October 1968.
Mar Thoma Darmo died the following year in September 1969, falling one month short of the first anniversary of his consecration as Catholicos-Patriarch. Mar Addai II was then selected to serve as Acting Patriarch.
Tenure as Catholicos-Patriarch
In December 1969, as Acting Patriarch, Mar Addai II elevated Mar Narsai Toma to Metropolitan of Kirkuk and Mar Toma Eramia as Metropolitan of Mosul and Northern Iraq. He was officially elected to the position of Catholicos-Patriarch in February 1970, several months after the death of Mar Thoma Darmo. Two years later, on 20 February 1972, he was consecrated as Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East by Mar Narsai and Mar Toma. The ordination took place at St. Zaia Cathedral in Iraq.[2]
Expansion of the Holy Synod
The Ancient Church of the East has seen many changes during Mar Addai's tenure, namely the consecration of a number of new bishops and metropolitans. Since his elevation to the rank of Patriarch, the church has consecrated the following prelates: Mar Daniel Yakob (Auxiliary Bishop of California), Mar Yacoub Daniel (Metropolitan of Australia and New Zealand), Mar Emmanuel Elia (Bishop of Baghdad - resigned), Timothaus Mar Shallita (Metropolitan of Europe), Mar Zaia Khoshaba (Bishop of Baghdad), Mar Aprem Daweed (Bishop of Duhok - resigned), Mar Mari Emmanuel (Bishop of Australia and New Zealand), and Mar Gewargis Younan (Bishop of Chicago).
Gestures towards reconciliation
Between November and December 1995, Mar Aprem Mooken and Mar Poulose Poulose left the Ancient Church of the East for external reasons, and reunited with the Assyrian Church of the East. Mar Addai II has also shown interest in reuniting the sister churches. A meeting between both Holy Synods is expected in the near future, as the Ancient Church of the East has made gestures towards reconciliation. The most prominent of these is undoubtedly the declaration made in June 2010 in which Mar Addai II announced that the church would officially recognize Christmas on December 25 starting that year, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. This was a historic move, as calendar issues were one of the primary reasons leading to the schism. Following this decision, some clerics created an autonomous synod.
Despite this move, the Holy Synod of the Ancient Church of the East has maintained that they will continue celebrating Easter in accordance with the Julian Calendar.
Advocacy for the rights of Christians in Iraq
On Sunday, 24 September 2006, St. Mary's Cathedral, the home of Mar Addai II, was bombed. The cathedral, located in the Riyadh district of Baghdad, experienced dual bombings: A small improvised explosive device preceded a car detonation setting off a large number of explosives. The bombings occurred within minutes of each other. The bombing was carefully timed to occur just as parishioners exited the church following Sunday morning services. Two civilians were killed in the attacks, in addition to the twenty that sustained injuries.[3]
The Patriarch was also attacked on another occasion in his own courtyard. Though his life was spared, he was robbed.
Mar Addai II's tenure as Patriarch comes at arguably the darkest time for Assyrian Christians since the Assyrian Genocide also known as Seyfo. Mar Addai has stressed the importance of maintaining the Assyrian Christian presence in Iraq. Despite attacks against his life and the threat facing all Christians in the country, he has refused to relocate and continues to reside in Iraq.
On 18 May 2007, Mar Addaii II called on the Prime Minister of Iraq and the Iraqi Parliament to put an end to the tragic situation Christians in Iraq were forced to endure as a result of constant threats and assaults against them.
Notes
- Some sources cite 1948.
References
- St. Mary's Cathedral, the home of His Holiness Mar Addai II, Patriarch of The Ancient Church of the East, was bombed Sunday morning.
- History of Eastern Christianity (Malayalam) by Dr. Mar Aphrem Metropolitan. The Theological Literature Council, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
- Church Bombings in Iraq
Sources
- Baum, Wilhelm; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003). The Church of the East: A Concise History. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon.
- Baumer, Christoph (2006). The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity. London-New York: Tauris.
- Mooken, Aprem (1974). Mar Thoma Darmo: A Biography (PDF). Trichur: Mar Narsai Press.
- Mooken, Aprem (2003). The History of the Assyrian Church of the East in the Twentieth Century (PDF). Kottayam: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute.
- Mooken, Aprem (2004). Patriarch Mar Dinkha IV: The Man and His Message (PDF). Trichur: Mar Narsai Press.
- Hage, Wolfgang (2007). Das orientalische Christentum. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag.
- Coakley, James F. (1996). "The Church of the East since 1914" (PDF). Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 78 (3): 179–198.
External links
| Preceded by Thoma Darmo |
Catholicos-Patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East 1972– |
Succeeded by Incumbent |