Air rage

The first case of air rage was recorded in 1947 on a flight from Havana to Miami, when a drunk man assaulted another passenger and a flight attendant.[10] Another early documented case involved a flight in Alaska in 1950.[11]

At the time, applicable jurisdiction was unclear, so offenders often escaped punishment. It wasn't until the 1963 Tokyo Convention that laws of the country where the aircraft is registered were agreed to take precedence.[12]

Air rage events have increased since International Air Transport Association (IATA) started collecting data on disruptive passenger behavior in 2007.[13] No definite explanation for that trend has been established; possible explanations include heightened anxiety for one's safety and irritation with invasive security.[14]

The most common cause of a passenger or crew member acting unruly is from drunkenness. The availability of alcoholic beverages on airlines and at airports enables passengers to drink excessively before and during flights. Flight attendants have the ability to keep track of how many drinks are served to passengers while on board an aircraft, and are required by many countries to refuse further drinks to passengers who appear intoxicated, but have no way of knowing how many are consumed prior to boarding. According to one study by the School of Hotel and Tourism Management at Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPU), half of all air rage incidents on Western airlines involve alcohol.[15]

Other causes include the use of drugs (prescription or illegal), sometimes in conjunction with alcohol consumption.

Sometimes, sober passengers are disruptive by failing to obey laws and rules that must be observed or arguing with flight attendants.[9]

Stressful situations, such as jet lag, flight delays, or other difficult or annoying passengers or crew members in one's vicinity, can lead passengers and crew members to an increased likelihood of becoming agitated and air rage. Passengers who are afraid on board of a plane already experience stress from the fact they are boarding a plane and can easily panic. The HKPU study found that on Asian airlines, where air rage incidents are rarer due to a less entrenched drinking culture and greater tolerance for the inconvenience and space shortages involved in air travel, the air rage incidents that do occur arise from inexperience and lack of knowledge about the restrictions involved. In China, where the study's authors described some incidents of air rage as "legendary" due to pictures or video posted on social media, some passengers have been known to do things like open cabin doors while the plane was taxiing to let hot air out, or throw coins in the engines for good luck.[15]

Air rages can also be the result of a combination of factors, for example a person who is already afraid of flying can be tipped over the edge by an overuse of alcohol, medication, stressful situation or disruptive behavior from others.

Air rage generally covers both behavior of a passenger or passengers on the aircraft or more generally speaking at the airport:

• Undue anger.[4][16]
• Gratuitous violence.[3][4][7][16]
• Unruliness.[3]
• Obnoxiousness[3]
• Threatening flight safety.[2][6][7]
• Failure to follow safety regulations.[2][6][7]
• Behaving in a way that gives suspicion of a threat to flight safety.[2][6][7]
• Claiming to have a bomb on the flight or falsely saying they are a terrorist with malignant intent.
• Temper tantrums.
• Disruptive behaviour.[17]
• Threatening crew members and other passengers.[18][6][19]

Other related behavior that may interfere with the comfort of cabin crew or passengers include smoking on board the flight, viewing pornographic materials, performing sex acts ("mile high" club) in the aircraft cabin, making undue sexual advances towards other people, performing sex acts in the lavatory, the inappropriate groping and touching of crew members, loud or drunken behaviors, spitting, swearing, and wearing clothing that is inappropriate or offensive.[20]

Extremely unruly passengers or crew members who must be restrained are restrained using a variety of methods. Some airlines carry flexcuffs for this purpose. Others use seatbelts, adhesive tape, neckties, shoe laces, or whatever is available on the aircraft. While the United States does not allow passengers to actually be confined to the seat or any other part of the aircraft, and only allows their individual body parts to be restrained, other countries, such as Iceland, do allow tying an unruly passenger to the seat.

Sometimes a flight must be diverted to allow an aircraft to dispose itself of the offender as soon as possible.[9]

In the United States, passengers who disrupt the duties of a flight crew member can face fines up to $25,000 and sometimes lengthy prison sentences. In addition, the airline can choose to ban the problem passenger from any future flights.[9]

In Australia, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority reserves the right to use stun guns to subdue unruly passengers.[21]

In Canada the Pilot-in-Command (Captain) of the aircraft is designated as a Peace Officer under the Criminal Code and as such, have the same powers of arrest as a Police Officer. The Pilot-in-Command is authorized to enforce all sections of the Criminal Code and all Acts of Parliament while the aircraft is in flight.[22]

• List of air rage incidents
• Bike rage
• Computer rage
• Road rage
• Roid rage
• Wrap rage

• Airrage.org & AviationInsecurity.com
• Flight Attendants Fight 'Air Rage'
• 'Reverse Air-Rage' on Russian Jet
• Flying in the age of air rage
• Air rage and 9-11
• BA jet plunges in cockpit struggle
• Trans-Atlantic "air rage" incident ends safely