Albizia

Albizia is a genus of more than 160 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. The genus is pantropical, occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, America and Australia, but mostly in the Old World tropics. In some locations, some species are considered weeds.

For the Australian tree commonly named "Albizia", see Paraserianthes lophantha.

Albizia
Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin),
foliage and blossoms
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Clade: Mimosoideae
Genus: Albizia
Durazz. 1772
Diversity
About 150 species
Synonyms
  • Albizzia Benth.
  • Arthrosamanea Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip
  • Besenna A. Rich.
  • Parasamanea Kosterm.
  • Parenterolobium Kosterm.
  • Pseudalbizzia Britton & Rose
  • Sassa Bruce ex J. F. Gmel.
  • Serialbizzia Kosterm.
Albizia procera fruits

They are commonly called silk plants, silk trees, or sirises. The obsolete spelling of the generic name – with double 'z' – is still common, so the plants may be called albizzias. The generic name honors the Italian nobleman Filippo degli Albizzi, who introduced Albizia julibrissin to Europe in the mid-18th century.[1] Some species are commonly called mimosa, which more accurately refers to plants of genus Mimosa. Species from southeast Asia used for timber are sometime termed East Indian walnut.

Description

They are usually small trees or shrubs with a short lifespan, though the famous Samán del Guère near Maracay in Venezuela is a huge Albizia saman specimen several hundred years old. The leaves are pinnately or bipinnately compound. The small flowers are in bundles, with stamens much longer than the petals. The stamens are usually showy, although in some species such as A. canescens the flowers are inconspicuous.[2]

Unlike those of Mimosa, Albizia flowers have many more than 10 stamens. Albizia can also be told apart from another large related genus, Acacia, by its stamens, which are joined at the bases instead of separate.[3]

Taxonomy

Numerous species placed in Albizia by early authors were eventually moved to other genera, most notably Archidendron. Other genera of Ingeae (Abarema, Archidendropsis, Blanchetiodendron, Calliandra, Cathormion, Enterolobium, Havardia, Hesperalbizia, Hydrochorea, Pararchidendron, Paraserianthes, Pseudosamanea and Serianthes) have also received their share of former Albizia species, as have the Mimoseae Newtonia and Schleinitzia. Some presumed "silk trees" are in fact misidentified members of the not very closely related genus Erythrophleum from the Caesalpinioideae and Lebeckia from the Faboideae.[4]

The delimitation of Falcataria and Pithecellobium, close relatives of Albizia, is notoriously complex, with species having been moved between the genera time and again, and this will likely continue. These include Falcataria moluccana (the Moluccan albizia, formerly named Albizia moluccana), a common shade tree on tea plantations. Other closely related genera like Chloroleucon and Samanea are often merged with Albizia entirely.[4]

Uses

Albizias are important forage, timber, and medicinal plants,[5][6] and many are cultivated as ornamentals for their attractive flowers – notably Albizia julibrissin.[7]

Some species are used as food plants by the larvae of moths in the genus Endoclita, including E. damor, E. malabaricus, and E. sericeus.

Invasiveness

Molucca albizia (Falcataria moluccana (synonyms: Adenanthera falcataria, Albizia falcataria, Paraserianthes falcataria)) is considered an invasive species in Hawaii and on many other Pacific Islands.[8] The tree grows very rapidly and can quickly colonize disturbed areas in wet environments. It tends to shed large branches, damaging power lines, houses, and other infrastructure in Hawaii.

See also

Footnotes
  1. Albizia adianthifolia. South African National Biodiversity Institute.
  2. Lowry, J.B. 2008. Trees for Wood and Animal Production in Northern Australia. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Indooroopilly, Queensland.
  3. Singh, Gurcharan (2004). Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. p. 445. ISBN 1-57808-351-6.
  4. ILDIS (2005)
  5. Lowry, J.B.; Prinsen, J.H. & Burrows, D.M. (1994): 2.5 Albizia lebbeck – a Promising Forage Tree for Semiarid Regions. In: Gutteridge, Ross C. & Shelton, H. Max (eds.): Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. CAB Intemational. HTML fulltext
  6. Joycharat N, Thammavong S, Limsuwan S, Homlaead S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Dej-Adisai S, Subhadhirasakul S (2013). "Antibacterial substances from Albizia myriophylla wood against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans". Archives of Pharmacal Research. 36 (6): 723–730. doi:10.1007/s12272-013-0085-7. PMID 23479194. S2CID 11823016.
  7. "Albizia julibrissin". RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  8. Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced)- Molucca albizia - CTAHR UH Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine Albizia (Falcataria moluccana) – BIISC Archived 2012-10-30 at the Wayback Machine.
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