Amerila
Amerila is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. A number of species in this genus have a special defence mechanism when they are in their adult stage. When disturbed, they exude a frothy yellow fluid from glands beside the eyes, while making a sizzling noise to ward off their attacker. Similar behaviour has been observed in fertilised females of the North-American moth Utetheisa ornatrix.
| Amerila | |
|---|---|
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| Amerila crokeri | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Amerilini Dubatolov, 2010 |
| Genus: | Amerila Walker, 1855 |
| Synonyms | |
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The genus is placed in a monotypic tribe Amerilini, described by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov in 2010. They are sometimes (e.g. in the "Erebidae" scheme) incorrectly merged into the Phaegopterini, but morphologically the tribe is related to Callimorphini. The elder name Rhodogastriini Kiriakoff, 1950 was based on incorrectly determined genus Rhodogastria (=Amerila in modern sense).
Species
- Amerila abdominalis (Rothschild, 1933)
- Amerila accra (Strand, 1919)
- Amerila affinis (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila alberti (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila albivitrea (Hampson, 1901)
- Amerila aldabrensis (Fryer, 1912)
- Amerila androfusca (Pinhey, 1952)
- Amerila arthusbertrand (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)
- Amerila astreus (Drury, 1773)
- Amerila bauri (Möschler, 1884)
- Amerila bipartita (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila brunnea (Hampson, 1901)
- Amerila bubo (Walker, 1855)
- Amerila castanea (Hampson, 1911)
- Amerila catinca Häuser et Boppre, 1997
- Amerila cynira (Muller, 1980), nomen nudum
- Amerila crokeri (MacLeay, 1826)
- Amerila curta (Rothschild, 1917)
- Amerila erythropus (Rothschild, 1917)
- Amerila eugenia (Fabricius, 1794)
- Amerila femina (Berio, 1935)
- Amerila fennia (Druce, 1887)
- Amerila fumida (Swinhoe, 1901)
- Amerila fuscivena (Hampson, 1916)
- Amerila howardi (Pinhey, 1955)
- Amerila kiellandi Häuser et Boppre, 1997
- Amerila kuehni (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila lactea (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila leucoptera (Hampson, 1901)
- Amerila lineolata (Kiriakoff, 1954)
- Amerila lucida (Muller, 1980), nomen nudum
- Amerila lupia (Druce, 1887)
- Amerila luteibarba (Hampson, 1901)
- Amerila madagascariensis (Boisduval, 1847)
- Amerila magnifica (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila makadara Häuser et Boppre, 1997
- Amerila mulleri Häuser et Boppre, 1997
- Amerila myrrha (Muller, 1980), nomen nudum
- Amerila nigrivenosa (Grünberg, 1910)
- Amerila nigroapicalis (Aurivillius, 1900)
- Amerila nigropunctata (Bethune-Baker, 1908)
- Amerila niveivitrea (Bartel, 1903)
- Amerila omissa (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila phaedra Weymer, 1892
- Amerila piepersii Snellen, 1879
- Amerila puella (Fabricius, [1794])
- Amerila rhodopa Walker, 1865
- Amerila roseomarginata (Rothschild, 1910)
- Amerila rubripes Walker, 1865
- Amerila rufifemur (Walker, 1855)
- Amerila rufitarsis (Rothschild, 1917)
- Amerila serica Meyrick, 1886
- Amerila shimbaensis Häuser et Boppre, 1997
- Amerila simillima (Rothschild, 1917)
- Amerila syntomina (Butler, 1878)
- Amerila thermochroa (Hampson, 1916)
- Amerila timolis (Rothschild, 1914)
- Amerila vidua (Cramer, 1780)
- Amerila vitrea Plötz, 1880
Incorrectly placed species
- Amerila atrivena Hampson, 1907 (in Dubatolovia, Spilosomini)
- Amerila hersilia Druce, 1887 (in Caryatis, Nyctemerini)
- Amerila phileta (Drury, 1782) (in Caryatis, Nyctemerini)
- Amerila stenoperas Hampson, 1910 (in Caryatis, Nyctemerini)
Note
Caryatis species are not morphologically related to Amerila.
References
- Dubatolov, V.V., 2009: Reviewing the African tiger-moth genera: 1. A new genus, two new subgenera and a species list from the expedition to Malawi by V. Kovtunovich & P. Ustjuzhanin in 2008-2009, with further taxonomic notes on South African Arctiinae. Atalanta 40 (1-2): 285-301.
- Dubatolov, V.V., 2010: Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 65: 1-106, Marktleuthen.
- Goodger, D.T. & Watson, A., 1995: The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths. An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): 1-55, Apollo Books Aps.: Stenstrup, Denmark.
- Edwards, E.D., 1996: Arctiidae: 278-286, 368-370. In: Nielsen, E., Edwards, E., Rangsi T., Edwards E.D., Nielsen E.S. & Rangsi, T.V. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4: xiv+529, CSIRO: Melbourne.
- Häuser, Ch. L. & Boppre, M., 1997: A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Systematic Entomology 22 (1): 1-44.
- Kôda, N., 1989: A Generic Classification of the Subfamily Arctiinae of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions based on the Male and Female Genitalia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) Part I. Tyô to Ga 38 (3): 153-237. Abstract and full article: .
External links
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