Annona dioica

Annona dioica is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.[2] Augustin Saint-Hilaire, the French botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its flowers which have different reproductive structures (δίς, dís, two in Greek) and (οἶκος, oîkos, house in Greek).

Annona dioica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Annona
Species:
A. dioica
Binomial name
Annona dioica
Synonyms
  • Aberemoa dioica (A.St.-Hil.) Barb.Rodr.
  • Annona cuyabaensis Barb.Rodr.
  • Annona dioica var. mattogrossensis R.E.Fr.

Description

It is a bush reaching 0.5-2 meters in height. Its oval, hairy leaves are 5-16 by 3-15 centimeters and have rounded tips. Its petioles are 2.25-4.5 millimeters long and covered in wooly hair. Its inflorescences consist of 1-3 curved peduncles that are 2-3.4 centimeters long and covered in rust-colored hairs. Its flowers have a diameter of 6.75 centimeters. Its calyx has triangular lobes. Its yellow-green outer petals are oval-shaped, leathery, hairy and come to a shallow point at their tips. The inner petals are smaller than the outer. Its stamens have 4 millimeter long filaments and anthers that are 4 times as long.[3][4]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of Annona dioica is shed as permanent tetrads.[5] Plants are androdioecious with flowers that are both male and female, or male only. Pollination is mediated by the Cyclocephala atricapilla beetle.[6]

Distribution and habitat

It grows at elevations of 80-1000 meters. It blossoms in December.[4]

Uses

Extracts from the leaves and wood contain bioactive compounds.[7][8] Parts of the plant are used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments including diarrhea and rheumatism.[9]

References
  1. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019 (2019). "Annona dioica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T143322153A143322155. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T143322153A143322155.en. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
  2. "Annona dioica A.St.-Hil". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
  3. Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de (1825). Flora Brasiliae meridionalis (in Latin and French). 1. Paris: Apud A. Belin.
  4. Maas, Paul J. M.; de Kamer, Hiltje Maas-van; Junikka, Leo; de Mello-Silva, Renato; Rainer, Heimo (2001). "Annonnaceae from Central-eastern Brazil". Rodriguésia. 52 (80): 65–98. doi:10.1590/2175-78602001528005. ISSN 2175-7860.
  5. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202: 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  6. Gottsberger, Gerhard (1989). "Beetle pollination and flowering rhythm ofAnnona spp. (Annonaceae) in Brazil". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 167 (3–4): 165–187. doi:10.1007/BF00936404. ISSN 0378-2697.
  7. Vega, Maria R. G.; Esteves-Souza, Andressa; Vieira, Ivo J. C.; Mathias, Leda; Braz-Filho, Raimundo; Echevarria, Aurea (2007). "Flavonoids from Annona dioica leaves and their effects in Ehrlich carcinoma cells, DNA-topoisomerase I and II". Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 18 (8): 1554–1559. doi:10.1590/S0103-50532007000800016. ISSN 0103-5053.
  8. Santos, Paulo R. D. dos; Morais, Anselmo A.; Braz-Filho, Raimundo (2003). "Alkaloids from Annona dioica". Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 14 (3): 369–400. doi:10.1590/S0103-50532003000300009. ISSN 0103-5053.
  9. Formagio, Anelise S N; Kassuya, Candida A L; Neto, Frederico Formagio; Volobuff, Carla R F; Iriguchi, Edna K K; Vieira, Maria do C; Foglio, Mary Ann (2013). "The flavonoid content and antiproliferative, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of Annona dioica St. Hill". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-14. ISSN 1472-6882. PMC 3551637.
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