Annona foetida

Annona foetida is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru and Suriname.[1] Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, the German botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its foul-smelling (fetidus in Latin) odor.[2][3]

Annona foetida
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Annona
Species:
A. foetida
Binomial name
Annona foetida
Synonyms

Annona trunciflora R.E.Fr.

Description

It is a shrub or a tree reaching 3.3-3.9 meters in height. Its dark gray-brown bark is tough and flexible. Its leaves are 10.8-21.6 by 4.1-8.1 centimeters and come to an abrupt point at their tips. Its petioles are 6.8 millimeters long. Its fruit are reddish-brown and the size of a goose egg. Its seeds are flat, yellowish, ovals, 9 millimeters in length. Its bark and unripe fruit have a remarkably foul odor.[3]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of Annona foetida is shed as permanent tetrads.[4] It is pollinated by the scarab beetle Cyciocephala undata.[5]

Habitat and distribution

It grows in forest habitats. Its fruit mature in December.[3]

Uses

Bioactive compounds extracted from leaves, bark and branches have been reported to have antimicrobial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.[6][7][8]

References
  1. "Annona foetida Mart". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 2, 2019..
  2. Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN 9780881926279.
  3. Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von; Eichler, August Wilhelm (1841). Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum (in Latin). 13. Munich & Leipzig: R. Oldenbourg. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.454.
  4. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  5. Küchmeister, Heike; Webber, Antonio C.; Silberbauer-Gottsberger, Ilse; Gottsberger, Gerhard (1998). "A polinização e sua relação com a termogênese em espécies de Arecaceae e Annonaceae da Amazônia Central" [Pollination and its relation with thermogenesis in Arecaceae and Annonaceae species of Central Amazonia]. Acta Amazonica (in Portuguese). 28 (3): 217. doi:10.1590/1809-43921998283245. ISSN 0044-5967.
  6. Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça; Pinheiro, Maria Lúcia Belém; Silva, Jefferson Rocha de Andrade; Maia, Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha S; Duarte, Marta Cristina Teixeira; Amaral, Ana Cláudia Fernandes; Machado, Gérzia Maria de Carvalho; Leon, Leonor Laura (2009). "Antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity of essential oil from the leaves of Annona foetida (Annonaceae)". Química Nova. 32 (1): 78–81. doi:10.1590/S0100-40422009000100015. ISSN 0100-4042.
  7. Costa, Emmanoel V.; Pinheiro, Maria Lúcia B.; Xavier, Clahildek M.; Silva, Jefferson R. A.; Amaral, Ana Cláudia F.; Souza, Afonso D. L.; Barison, Andersson; Campos, Francinete R.; Ferreira, Antonio G.; Machado, Gérzia M. C.; Leon, Leonor L. P. (2006). "A Pyrimidine-β-carboline and Other Alkaloids fromAnnonafoetidawith Antileishmanial Activity". Journal of Natural Products. 69 (2): 292–294. doi:10.1021/np050422s. ISSN 0163-3864. PMID 16499336.
  8. Costa, Emmanoel Vilaça; Pinheiro, Maria Lúcia Belém; Souza, Afonso Duarte Leão de; Barison, Andersson; Campos, Francinete Ramos; Valdez, Rodrigo Hinojosa; Ueda-Nakamura, Tânia; Filho, Benedito Prado Dias; Nakamura, Celso Vataru (2011). "Trypanocidal Activity of Oxoaporphine and Pyrimidine-β-Carboline Alkaloids from the Branches of Annona foetida Mart. (Annonaceae)". Molecules. 16 (11): 9714–9720. doi:10.3390/molecules16119714. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6264547. PMID 22113579.


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