Anthony Pym

Anthony David Pym (born 1956 in Perth, Australia) is a scholar best known for his work in translation studies.[1][2]

Anthony Pym
Born1956
Perth, Australia
CitizenshipAustralian
Academic background
Alma materMurdoch University (BA)
École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (PhD)
Academic work
DisciplineTranslation studies
InstitutionsRovira i Virgili University
Stellenbosch University

Pym is a currently Distinguished Professor of Translation and Intercultural Studies at Rovira i Virgili University in Spain[3] and Professor Extraordinary at Stellenbosch University[4] in South Africa. He was a fellow of the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies[5] from 2010 to 2015, Visiting Researcher at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey from 2008 to 2016, Walter Benjamin Visiting Professor at the University of Vienna in 2015,[6] and President of the European Society for Translation Studies from 2010 to 2016.

Biography

Pym attended Wesley College (Perth, Australia) and the University of Western Australia, completing his BA (Hons) at Murdoch University in 1981.[7] He held a French government grant for doctoral studies at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, where he completed his PhD in Sociology in 1985. In 1983–84 he was a Frank Knox Fellow in the Department of Comparative Literature at Harvard University. In 1992–94 he held a post-doctoral grant from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for research on translation history at the University of Göttingen, Germany. In 1994 he gave seminars on the ethics of translation at the Collège International de Philosophie, Paris.[8]

After years as a professional translator, journal editor and organiser of cultural events in France and Spain, he taught in the translation departments of the Autonomous University of Barcelona and the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. In 1994 he joined the Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain, where he set up the Intercultural Studies Group in 2000, postgraduate programs in translation in 2000, and a doctoral program in Translation and Intercultural Studies in 2003.[9] He has been a Visiting Researcher at the Monterey Institute of International Studies since 2006. His permanent residence is in the village of Calaceite, Spain.

Pym is currently the Distinguished Professor of Translation and Intercultural Studies and coordinator of the Intercultural Studies Group at the Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain where he also runs a doctoral program in Translation and Intercultural Studies.[10] In addition, Pym is currently Professor Extraordinary at Stellenbosch University and an International advisory board member for the Translation and Inter-Cultural Research Cluster at the University of Western Australia.[11]

Pym is a Visiting Researcher at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey from 2008-present, where he regularly conducts research and lectures.[7] From 2010 to 2015, he was a fellow of the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies.[12] He was also President of the European Society for Translation Studies from 2010-2016 and Walter Benjamin Visiting Professor at the University of Vienna in 2015.[13] As of 2016, he joined the faculty at the University of Melbourne's School of Languages and Linguistics within their Master of Translation and he will play a leadership role in the GO-Melb bid to develop a Master of Translation Online[14]

Thought and influence

Pym was one of the first to move the study of translation away from texts and towards translators as people.[15][16][17] He argued that translators are “authors” who can select the thoughts and emotions to express rather than “animators,” who merely present other's words.[15] He views the translator as working with the author to create meaning, therefore, they both contribute to the meaning of the translation[15][16][17]

According to him, the development of the translation field in the West has been essentially a "history of translation theory", a limitation that he proposed to address by focusing on the translators themselves and the contexts in which they operate.[18]

Pym also conceptualized translating as a form of risk management, rather than a striving for equivalence.[19][20][21] According to Pym there are three types and levels of risks: credibility risk, uncertainty risk, and communicative risk.[22] The credibility risk concerns the specificity of translation and relations between people, where the risk is the probability of the translator losing credibility.[22] The second, uncertainty risk, involves a translator's cognitive processes when they are uncertain about how to present something. The final risk that Pym identified, the communicative risk, involves the interpretation of texts and contextualizing them, while creating a balance between both the high-risks and low-risks and the interpretatio[22]

He has hypothesized that translators can be members of professional intercultures, operating in the overlaps of cultures, and that their highest ethical goal is the promotion of long-term cross-cultural co-operation.[23] Pym has stressed that the translators' loyalty should be in their profession and that the value of translation efforts lies in its contribution to intercultural relations and cross-cultural communication.[24]

In recent years he has been attracted to the concept of inculturation, through which he sees translation as one of the ways in which minority cultures are absorbed into wider cultural systems and can then modify those wider systems.[25] Pym has also cited the role of technology, particularly the Internet in the translation of materials tailored to a specific local market.[26] According to him, the proliferation of information does not necessarily mean that these will be received, hence, care should be taken so that the translated texts appeal to its target culture.[26]

Pym's ideas have been contrasted with those of the American translation theorist Lawrence Venuti by the Finnish translation scholar Kaisa Koskinen,[27] and Pym's critique of Lawrence Venuti has been commented on by Jeremy Munday,[28] and Mary Snell-Hornby[29]

Works

Pym has authored, co-authored, and edited over 24 books and 170 articles about translation and intercultural relations. He is currently working in the field of the politics of translation solutions.[7] Since 1981, he has worked for many organizations and governments such as the President of Catalonia, the Barcelona Olympic Committee, the European Commission's Directorate General for Translation, and UNESCO as a freelance translator and interpreter[7]

  • Translation and Text Transfer. An Essay on the Principles of Intercultural Communication, Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1992. Revised edition: Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, 2010.
  • Epistemological Problems in Translation and its Teaching, Calaceite: Caminade, 1993.
  • Pour une éthique du traducteur, Arras: Artois Presses Université / Ottawa: Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 1997.
  • Method in Translation History, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1998. Reprint with Chinese introduction: 北京 : 外语敎学与硏究出版社, Beijing, 2006.
  • Negotiating the Frontier: Translators and Intercultures in Hispanic History, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 2000.
  • The Moving Text: Localization, Translation and Distribution, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004.
  • Exploring Translation Theories, London and New York: Routledge, 2010. Japanese translation, 翻訳理論の探求, trans. Kayoko Takeda, Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 2010. Translation rights sold for Portuguese and Korean.
  • The status of the translation profession in the European Union, with François Grin, Claudio Sfreddo, Andy L. J. Chan. Luxembourg: European Commission, 2012.
  • On Translator Ethics. Principles for Cross-cultural communication. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012 (reworked version of Pour une éthique du traducteur).
  • Translation and Language Learning, with Kirsten Malmkjaer and Mar Gutiérrez. Luxembourg: European Commission, 2013.
  • Translation Solutions for Many Languages. Histories of a Flawed Dream. London: Bloomsbury, 2016.
  • What is Translation History? A Trust-Based Approach, with Andrea Rizzi and Birgit Lang. London: Palgrave, 2019.

Selected Journal Articles
  • ”Lecture de la frontière spartiate", Distance / Distancia, Ed. Charles Grivel, Paris-Barcelona: Noesis, 1986, 46-54.
  • ”Paraphrase and Distance in Translation", Parallèles: Cahiers de l'École de Traduction et d'Interprétation de Genève 8 (1987), 9-15.
  • "Les notions de «réseau» et de «régime» en relations littéraires internationales", L'Internationalité littéraire, Ed. Anthony Pym, París-Barcelona: Noesis, 1988, 5-21.
  • "Histoires vraies", Noir, Ed. Charles Grivel, París-Barcelona: Noesis, 1988, 155-163.
  • "The Importance of Salomé: Approaches to a fin de siècle Theme", French Forum 14/3 (1989), 311-322.
  • "How Much of Australia Fits into Spain?" Meanjin (Melbourne) 3 (1989), 663-670.
  • "Cultura australiana: navigare necesse est", Littérature et double culture / Literatura y doble cultura, Ed. Geneviève Mouillaud-Fraisse & José María Fernández Cardo, Paris-Barcelona: Noesis, 1989, 68-79.
  • ”An Economic Model of Translational Equivalence", Parallèles: Cahiers de l'École de Traduction et d'Interprétation de Genève 12 (1990), 121-129.
  • "Qüestionement de la traducció del mite", Mites australians, Ed. Anthony Pym, Calaceite: Caminade, 1990, 37-48.
  • ”A Definition of Translational Competence, Applied to the Teaching of Translation", Ed. Mladen Jovanovic, Translation: A Creative Profession: 12th World Congress of FIT. Proceedings, Belgrade: Prevodilac, 1991, 541-546.
  • ”Translational Ethics and the Recognition of Stateless Nations", Fremdsprachen 4 (1991), 31-35.
  • "Limits and Frustrations of Discourse Analysis in Translation Theory", Fremdsprachen 2-3 (1991), 29-35. Revised version in Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna 11 (1992), 227-239.
  • "Shortcomings in the Historiography of Translation", Babel 38/4 (1992), 221-235.
  • "The Relations between Translation and Material Text Transfer", Target 4/2 (1992), 171-189.
  • "In Search of a New Rationale for the Prose Translation Class at University Level", Interface (Belgium) 6/2 (1992), 73-82.
  • "Translation Error Analysis and the Interface with Language Teaching", The Teaching of Translation, Ed. Cay Dollerup & Anne Loddegaard, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992, 279-288.
  • ”Strategies of the Frontier in Spanish-American Modernismo", Comparative Literature 44/2 (1992), 161-173.
  • "La enseñanza de la traducción y la teoría autoritaria de Peter Newmark", El Guiniguada (Universidad de Las Palmas) 2 (1992), 305-318.
  • "Discursive Persons and Distance in Translation", Translation and Meaning, Part 2, Ed. Marcel Thelen & Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Maastricht: Rijkhoge-school, 1992, 159-167. Revised version in Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and Marcel Thelen (eds) Meaning in Translation, Frankfurt aM: Peter Lang, 2010. 193-206.
  • "Complaint Concerning the Lack of History in Translation Histories", Livius. Revista de Estudios de Traducción 1 (1992), 1-11. Revised version of "Shortcomings in the Historiography of Translation", Babel 38/4 (1992), 221-235.
  • ”Negotiation theory as an approach to translation history. An inductive lesson from fifteenth-century Castile", Translation and Knowledge, Ed. Yves Gambier & Jorma Tommola, Turku: University of Turku - Centre for Translation and Interpreting, 1993, 27-39.
  • With Monique Caminade: "Analyse des erreurs traductionnelles et limites de l'enseignement des langues", R. Gauchola, Claude Mestreit & Manuel A. Tost Planet (eds.) Les langues étrangères dans l'Europe de l'Acte UniqueLes langues étrangères dans l'Europe de l'Acte unique, Barcelona: ICE / Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1993, 253-260.
  • "Lacunae and uncertain limits in Australian culture, with suggestions on their translation into Spanish", Australia in Barcelona, ed. Kathleen Firth & Susan Ballyn, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, 1993, 27-37.
  • "The Historical Failure of Brotherhood in International Cultural Regimes", History of European Ideas 16/1-3 (1993), 120-130.
  • "The Geometry of Development and Travel in Spanish-American Modernismo: Darío's 'Momotombo' Revisited", Travellers' Tales, Real and Imaginary, in the Hispanic World and its Literature, Ed. Alun Kenwood, Melbourne - Madrid: Voz Hispánica, 1993, 189-197.
  • "Doubts about Deconstruction as a General Theory of Translation", Translation, the Vital Link / La traduction au coeur de la communication, Ed. Catriona Picken, Vol. 1, London: ITI, 1993, 508-514. Extended version in TradTerm (São Paulo) 2 (1995), 11-18.
  • "The First Latin Qur'an, Disputation, and the Second Person of a Translation", Tradurre le sacre verità. La traduzione dei testi religiosi / Translating Divine Truth.The Translation of ReligiousTexts, ed. Stefano Arduini, (=Koiné 5-6). 1995-96, 173-183. Arabic translation (2014) نظرات في الترجمة اللاتينية الأولى للقرآن الكريم .
  • "Why Translation Studies Should Learn to be Homeless", Tradução e multidisciplinaridade, ed. Marcia A. P. Martins. Rio de Janeiro: PUC/Lucerna, 1999, 35-51.
  • ”Lives of Henri Albert, Nietzschean Translator", Translators' Strategies and Creativity. Ed. Ann Beylard-Ozeroff, Jana Králová, Barbara Moser-Mercer. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1998, 117-125.
  • ”Getting Translated: Nietzsche's Panama Canal", Europe et traduction. Ed. Michel Ballard. Arras: Artois Presses Université / Quebec: Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1998. 181-192.
  • ”First-Person Singular: The Ethics of Translation" (interview). Language International 10/6. 38-40.
  • ”Ausbildungssituation in aller Welt (Überblick)", Handbuch Translation, Ed. Mary Snell-Hornby et al., Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1998, 33-36. English version.
  • ”Late Victorian to the Present", Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Ed. Peter France. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 73-81.
  • ”The Development and Institutionalization of Translator Training and of Applied Translation and Interpreting Studies in the 20th Century", with Monique Caminade, Translation * Traduction * Übersetzung (de la serie Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft), Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, forthcoming.
  • "Translator Training I: University Courses and Programmes. An International Comparison", Translation * Traduction * Übersetzung (de la serie Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft), Berlín, Nueva York: De Gruyter, forthcoming.
  • “The Use of Translation in International Organizations”, Harald Kittel et al., eds. Übersetzung Translation Traduction. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Übersetzungsforschung. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 2004. Vol.1. 85-92.
  • "Note on a Repertoire for Seeing Cultures", Target 10:2 (1998). 357-361.
  • "Okay, so how are translation norms negotiated?" Translation and Norms, special issue of Current Issues in Language and Society 5/ 1-2 (1998). 107-113.
  • "Resplendent Catalan". The Linguist 38 (1999). 80-82.
  • ”Translation Studies Beyond 2000". Jeroen Vandaele, ed. Translation and the (Re)Location of Meaning. Leuven: CETRA, 1999. 443-449.
  • "Localizing Localization in Translator-Training Curricula", Linguistica Antwerpiensa 33 (1999). 127-137.
  • "'Nicole Slapped Michele'. Interpreters and Theories of Interpreting at the O. J. Simpson Trial", The Translator 5 (1999). 265-283.
  • "Scandalous Statistics? A note on the percentages of translations into English", Source. The Newsletter of the Literary Division of the American Translators Association. 29 (1999). 7, 19.
  • "Globalization and Segmented Language Services", Facköversättaren (Göteborg) 10/6 (1999). 10.
  • "The European Union and its Future Languages. Questions for Language Policies and Translation Theories", Across Languages and Cultures 1/1. 2000. 1-17. Translated into Hungarian as "Nyelvpolitikai és forditáselméleti kérések az Európai Unióban", Fordítástudomány 3 (2001) 5-20.

Translations of Anthony Pym's Works
  • Exploring Translation Theories (London and New York; Routledge, 2010). Revised edition: Routledge, 2014. Japanese translation, Kayoko Takeda, trans. Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 2010. Translation rights sold for Portuguese and Korean.
  • Method in Translation History (London and New York: Routledge, 2014). Reprint with Chinese introduction: 北京 : 外语敎学与硏究出版社, Beijing, 2006.

References
  1. Douglas Robinson, What is translation?: centrifugal theories, critical interventions. Kent OH: Kent State University Press, 1997 (ch. 5).
  2. "Visiting Faculty: Anthony Pym". Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  3. Resolución de 28 de julio de 2011, de la Universidad Rovira i Virgili, por la que se nombra Catedrático de Universidad a don Anthony David Pym http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/08/10/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-13666.pdf. Full oficial de la URV May 19, 2016 https://seuelectronica.urv.cat/fou/index.php?day=19&month=05&year=2016
  4. Stellenbosch University Yearbook: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Three URV lecturers recognized by the ICREA Academia program for outstanding careers in research:
  6. Centre for Translation Studies-Gastprofessur "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. Visiting Faculty: Anthony Pym. Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey http://www.miis.edu/academics/faculty/apym. Retrieved 1 November 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. See the Introduction to Anthony Pym, Pour une éthique du traducteur, Arras: Artois Presses Université / Ottawa: Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 1997.
  9. https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2004-12566
  10. The Status of the Translation Profession in the European Union: Research Team. Intercultural Studies Group http://www.est-translationstudies.org/research/2011_DGT/team.html. Retrieved 1 November 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Translation and Inter-Cultural Research Cluster: International Advisory Board Members. The University of Western Australia http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/research/clusters/TICRC/board. Retrieved 1 November 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. Three URV lecturers recognized by the ICREA Academia program for outstanding careers in research: http://www.ceics.eu/news/news/47/three-urv-lecturers-recognized-by-the-icrea-academia-program-for-outstanding-careers-in-research%5B%5D
  13. EST Symposium: Same Place, Different Times. European Society for Translation Studies http://www.est-translationstudies.org/news/2012_vienna_program.html. Retrieved 1 November 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. Bunyan, Marcus (17 October 2016). "Professor Anthony Pym joins the School of Languages and Linguistics — School of Languages and Linguistics". Faculty of Arts.
  15. Michaela Wolf, "The emergence of a sociology of translation", in Michaela Wolf and Alexandra Fukari, eds Constructing a sociology of translation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins, p. 14 ff.
  16. Riitta Jääskeläinen, “The Changing Position of ‘the Translator’ in Research and in Practice”, Journal of Translation Studies 10(1) (2007), 1–15
  17. Andrew Chesterman, “The Name and Nature of Translator Studies”, Hermes 42 (2009), 13–22.
  18. Sato-Rossberg, Nana; Wakabayashi, Judy (2012). Translation and Translation Studies in the Japanese Context. London: A&C Black. p. 53. ISBN 9781441139825.
  19. Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies. Third edition. London and New York: Routledge, 2012, ch. 7
  20. Mahmoud Akbari, "Risk management in translation", The Sustainability of the Translation Field, ed. Hasuria Che Omar et al. Kuala Lumpur, 2009: 509–518
  21. Maggie Ting Ting Hui, Risk management by trainee translators, A study of translation procedures and justifications in peer-group interaction, Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, 2012
  22. Canfora, Carmen; Ottmann, Angelika (17 September 2016). "Who's Afraid of Translation Risks?" (PDF). Gutenberg Universität. 8th EST Congress and Johannes Mainz. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  23. Helen Baumer, Johann Jacob Bodmer, Interculturalist. Cultural realignment in the 18th century and the role of a Zurich translator. University of Auckland, 2004
  24. Anderman, Gunilla M.; Rogers, Margaret (2003). Translation Today: Trends and Perspectives. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. p. 225. ISBN 1853596183.
  25. Anthony Pym, "On inculturation" (2011), and "Inculturation as elephant: On translation and the spread of literary modernity” (2012).
  26. Bassnett, Susan (2014). Translation Studies, Fourth Edition. Oxon: Routledge. p. 87. ISBN 9780415506700.
  27. Koskinen, Kaisa (2000). "Beyond Ambivalence: Postmodernity and the Ethics of Translation". Tampere University Press. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. Munday, Jeremy (2012). "Introducing Translation Studies" (3rd Edition). London and New York: Routledge. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. Snell-Hornby, Mary (2006). "The Turns of Translation Studies". Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins: 146-147. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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