Anushtegin Gharchai

Anūştegin Gharachaʾī (Persian: نوشتکین غرچه‎ - Nūštekīn Gharcha) (b. ? - d. 1097) was a Turkic mamluk commander of the Seljuqs[1] and the governor of Khwārezm from around 1077 until 1097. He was the first member of his family to rule Khwārezm, and the namesake for the dynasty that would rule the province in the 12th and early 13th centuries.

Anushtegin Gharchai
Shihna of Khwarezm
Reign1077 – 1097
SuccessorEkinchi
Born?
Died1097
IssueQutb ad-Din Muhammad
Full name
Laqab: ?
Kunya: ?
Given name: Anushtegin
Nisba: Gharchai
HouseHouse of Anushtegin
Father?
Mother?
ReligionSunni Islam

Anushtegin was originally a Turkic[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] slave of the rulers of Gharchistan, known as the Shars (an Iranian word meaning "greatness and lordship"). But was later sold to the Seljuq officer Gumushtegin Bilge-Beg.[1]

Anushtegin was put in command together with his master Gumushtegin Bilge-Beg in 1073 by the Seljuq sultan Malik-Shah I to retake territory in northern Greater Khorasan that the Ghaznavids had seized.[3] He was subsequently made the sultan's tasht-dar (Persian: "keeper of the royal vessels"), and, as the revenues from Khwarezm were used to pay for the expenses incurred by this position, he was made governor of the province. The details of his tenure as governor are unclear, but he died by 1097 and the post was briefly given to Ekinchi bin Qochqar before being transferred to his son, Muhammad I.

See also

Notes
  1. Rashid-al-Din Hamadani wrote in Oğuzname that "Similarly, the most distant ancestor of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah was Nushtekin Gharcha, who was a descendant of the Begdili tribe of the Oghuz family"[2]
  2. Kafesoğlu believes Anushtegin Gharchai was either of Khalaj or Cigil Turkic origin, while Z. V. Togan states he was of Qipchaq, Qanḡlï or Uighur stock.[1]

References
  1. Bosworth 1986.
  2. Fazlallakh 1987.
  3. Bosworth 1968, p. 93.

Sources
  • Bosworth, C.E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000-1217)". In Boyle, J.A. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol.5, The Saljuq and Mongol Period. Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1986). "Anuštigin Ĝarčāī". Encyclopaedia Iranica.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Fazlallakh, Rashid al-Din (1987). Oghuznameh (in Russian). Baku.
Preceded by
Direct Seljuq rule		 Shihna of Khwarezm
1077–1097		 Succeeded by
Ekinchi


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