Archimedean point

An Archimedean point (Latin: Punctum Archimedis) is a hypothetical standpoint from which an observer can objectively perceive the subject of inquiry with a view of totality (i.e., a god's-eye view); or a reliable starting point from which one may reason. In other words, a view from an Archimedean point describes the ideal of "removing oneself" from the object of study so that one can see it in relation to all other things while remaining independent of them.[1]

For example, the philosopher John Rawls uses the heuristic device of the original position in an attempt to remove the particular biases of individual agents in order to demonstrate how rational beings might arrive at an objective formulation of justice.[2]

Origins

The term refers to the great mathematician Archimedes, who supposedly claimed that he could lift the Earth off its foundation if he were given a place to stand, one solid point, and a long enough lever.

The idea for the term is attributed to Descartes in his second Meditation, who refers to Archimedes requiring only "a point that was firm and immovable," with regard to finding certainty:[3]

Archimedes, that he might transport the entire globe from the place it occupied to another, demanded only a point that was firm and immovable; so, also, I shall be entitled to entertain the highest expectations, if I am fortunate enough to discover only one thing that is certain and indubitable.[4]

Criticism

Sceptical and anti-realist philosophers criticise the possibility of an Archimedean point, claiming it is a form of scientism.[5] For example, according to Michael Shermer: "We can no more separate our theories and concepts from our data and percepts than we can find a true Archimedean point—a god’s-eye view—of ourselves and our world."[6]

See also

References
  1. Blackburn, Simon, ed. [2008] 2016. "Archimedean Point" (quick reference). The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2nd rev. ed.). eISBN 9780191727726. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  2. Bell, Daniel. [2001] 2020."Communitarianism" (revised ed.). Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  3. "Quotations about Archimedes Lever". Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-23.
  4. Manley, David B., and Charles S. Taylor, ed. [1996] 2005. “Meditations II.” Descartes' ‘Meditations’ (HTML ed.), translated by J. Veitch (1901). Dayton, OH: Wright State University, College of Liberal Arts.
  5. Archimedean Point. Oxford Reference - Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  6. Shermer, Michael. 1 October 2007. "The Really Hard Science." Scientific American. Retrieved 18 June 2020.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.