Arthur Louis Aaron

Aaron was a native of Leeds, Yorkshire, and was educated at Roundhay School and Leeds School of Architecture. When the Second World War started in 1939 Aaron joined the Air Training Corps squadron at Leeds University. The following year he volunteered to train as aircrew in the Royal Air Force. He trained as a pilot in the United States at No. 1 British Flying Training School (BFTS) at Terrell Municipal Airport in Terrell, Texas. Aaron completed his pilot training on 15 September 1941 and returned to England to train at an Operation Conversion Unit before he joined No. 218 "Gold Coast" Squadron, flying Short Stirling heavy bombers from RAF Downham Market.

His first operational sortie was a mining sortie in the Bay of Biscay but he was soon flying missions over Germany. On one sortie his Stirling was badly damaged but he completed his bombing run and returned to England, his actions were rewarded with a Distinguished Flying Medal.

Aaron was 21 years old, flying Stirling serial number EF452 on his 20th sortie. Nearing the target, his bomber was struck by machine gun fire. The bomber's Canadian navigator, Cornelius A. Brennan, was killed and other members of the crew were wounded.

The official citation for his VC reads:

Air Ministry, 5th November, 1943.

The King has been graciously pleased to confer the Victoria Cross on the undermentioned airman in recognition of most conspicuous bravery:—

458181 Acting Flight Sergeant Arthur Louis Aaron, D.F.M., Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, No. 218 Squadron (deceased).

On the night of 12 August 1943, Flight Sergeant Aaron was captain and pilot of a Stirling aircraft detailed to attack Turin. When approaching to attack, the bomber received devastating bursts of fire from an enemy fighter. Three engines were hit, the windscreen shattered, the front and rear turrets put out of action and the elevator control damaged, causing the aircraft to become unstable and difficult to control. The navigator was killed and other members of the crew were wounded.

A bullet struck Flight Sergeant Aaron in the face, breaking his jaw and tearing away part of his face. He was also wounded in the lung and his right arm was rendered useless. As he fell forward over the control column, the aircraft dived several thousand feet. Control was regained by the flight engineer at 3,000 feet. Unable to speak, Flight Sergeant Aaron urged the bomb aimer by signs to take over the controls. Course was then set southwards in an endeavour to fly the crippled bomber, with one engine out of action, to Sicily or North Africa.

Flight Sergeant Aaron was assisted to the rear of the aircraft and treated with morphia. After resting for some time he rallied and, mindful of his responsibility as captain of aircraft, insisted on returning to the pilot's cockpit, where he was lifted into his seat and had his feet placed on the rudder bar. Twice he made determined attempts to take control and hold the aircraft to its course but his weakness was evident and with difficulty he was persuaded to desist. Though in great pain and suffering from exhaustion, he continued to help by writing directions with his left hand.

Five hours after leaving the target the petrol began to run low, but soon afterwards the flare path at Bone airfield was sighted. Flight Sergeant Aaron summoned his failing strength to direct the bomb aimer in the hazardous task of landing the damaged aircraft in the darkness with undercarriage retracted. Four attempts were made under his direction; at the fifth Flight Sergeant Aaron was so near to collapsing that he had to be restrained by the crew and the landing was completed by the bomb aimer.

Nine hours after landing, Flight Sergeant Aaron died from exhaustion. Had he been content, when grievously wounded, to lie still and conserve his failing strength, he would probably have recovered, but he saw it as his duty to exert himself to the utmost, if necessary with his last breath, to ensure that his aircraft and crew did not fall into enemy hands. In appalling conditions he showed the greatest qualities of courage, determination and leadership and, though wounded and dying, he set an example of devotion to duty which has seldom been equalled and never surpassed.[2]

The gunfire that hit Flight Sergeant Aaron's aircraft was thought to have been from an enemy night fighter, but may have been friendly fire from another Stirling.[3]

Graham Ibbeson's statue of Aaron in Leeds

He was an 'old boy' of Roundhay School, Leeds (headmaster at the time was B.A.Farrow). There is a plaque in the main hall of the school to his memory incorporating the deed that merited the VC.

Genealogical research proved many years ago that Aaron's father was a Russian Jewish immigrant even though the family denied it after Aaron was killed, and he boasted of this to members of his air training colleagues in the mess in Texas on many occasions.[4]

{Genealogical research carried out in 2018 - 2019 proved that Arthur Louis Aaron was baptised a Roman Catholic on 15th October 1922 at St. Mary's Church, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire. The Baptism Record is held in the archives of Ampleforth Abbey Trust. His father Benjamin Aaron was born on 29th June 1891 at 29 Dewsbury Road, Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire. Benjamin Aaron was baptised on 2nd August 1891 at St Mary the Virgin, Hunslet Parish Church, Leeds. Arthur Louis Aaron's ancestry as proven by birth, baptism, marriage and death records and census records and other published period documentation can be traced by direct line back to William Aaron (b c1802 - died 27 Sept. 1877) and Faith Harrison ( b 27 Aug. 1796 - died 1 June 1866) who lived in Sherburn in Elmet, Yorkshire. Extensive documentary evidence corroborates what Arthur's father stated when he denied that the family were Jewish or of Russian immigrant origin but were in fact a long established Yorkshire family. Arthur's father gave his religion as Church of England on his Army records. Arthur's parents, Benjamin Aaron and Rosalie Marie Marney were married on 8th February 1919 at Addingham Parish Church, near Ilkley,Yorkshire. However the power of the media cannot be underestimated and on 5th November 1943 when the announcement of the awarding of the Victoria Cross was published one newspaper, the Evening Despatch (published in Birmingham) above their report wrote the headline - "Dying Jewish Flier Got Home Plane: Wins VC". However on the same day the Liverpool Echo in their report wrote: "Aaron was a Roman Catholic". Another newspaper the Liverpool Evening Press referred to Arthur as " a 21 year old Leeds Roman Catholic". The Yorkshire Evening Post also on 5th November 1943 wrote in their piece about Arthur that : "His father was a soldier in the last war. His mother is of Swiss extraction. Arthur was brought up as a Roman Catholic." On November 20th 1943 the Yorkshire Evening Post reported on the Requiem Mass held for Arthur Louis Aaron at St Anne's Roman Catholic Cathedral in the centre of Leeds. There is no documentary evidence to support the contention that Arthur Louis Aaron was Jewish or that he was descended from a Russian immigrant family, despite claims to the contrary published elsewhere and which appear to be based on unsubstantiated hearsay.}

He is commemorated at the AJEX Jewish Military Museum in Hendon, London, one of three Jewish Victoria Cross recipients of the Second World War (the others being Tommy Gould, Royal Navy, and John Keneally, Irish Guards). Aaron also belonged at school or University to 319 ATC (Jewish) Squadron in Broughton, Salford, where his photograph still hangs; this fact was researched by Col Martin Newman DL from the HQ Air Cadets archives. Aaron's Victoria Cross is displayed at the Leeds City Museum.

To mark the new Millennium, Leeds Civic Trust organised a public vote to choose a statue to mark the occasion, and to publicise the city's past heroes and heroines. Candidates included Benjamin Latrobe and Sir Henry Moore. Arthur Aaron won the vote, with Don Revie beating Joshua Tetley and Frankie Vaughan as runner-up. Located on a roundabout on the eastern edge of the city centre, close to the West Yorkshire Playhouse, the statue of Aaron was unveiled on 24 March 2001 by Malcolm Mitchem, the last survivor of the aircraft. The five-metre bronze sculpture by Graham Ibbeson takes the form of Aaron standing next to a tree, up which are climbing three children progressively representing the passage of time between 1950 and 2000, with the last a girl releasing a dove of peace, all representing the freedom his sacrifice helped ensure.[5] There was controversy about the siting of the statue, and it was proposed to transfer it to Millennium Square outside Leeds City Museum.[6] However, as of 2012 the statue remains on the roundabout.[7]

• Burial location of Arthur Aaron Algeria
• Location of Arthur Aaron's Victoria Cross Leeds City Museum
• Photo of Arthur Aaron's statue in Leeds