Association of Volleyball Professionals

The AVP was formed in 1983 as a player's union. Following a dispute with a private promoter at the 1984 World Championships in Redondo Beach, California, the AVP began organizing its own men's tour in 1984.[5][6] The 1985 AVP tour included stops in eight U.S. states with a total prize money of US$275,000. The sport experienced significant growth in the 1980s and 1990s, and by 1993, the AVP tour had a total prize money of US$3.7 million, with ten events that were broadcast on NBC Sports and attended by over 600,000 people.[5] The AVP began organizing women's events in 1993, competing with the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA), the main women's tour, that began in 1986.[5]

The AVP had conflicts with the sport's international governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), in the 1980s and 1990s over regulations and sponsorship.[6] This culminated in an initial boycott of FIVB Olympic qualification events by the top American players in the lead up to beach volleyball's Olympic debut at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The boycott ended in mid-1995 after an agreement between both parties was reached.[7]

A men's match at the 2017 Austin Open

By 1997, sponsors started to withdraw due to the mounting financial problems and mismanagement in the AVP. In 1998, the AVP filed for bankruptcy and new management restructured the AVP from a players union to a for-profit privately owned company. The tour was bought out of bankruptcy the following year by Major League Volleyball and twelve events were held with a total prize money of US$1 million. In 2001, the tour was bought by Leonard Armato and his company Management Plus. The new tour combined the men's and women's professional tours.[5] The tour also adopted the FIVB's smaller court size and rally scoring system, which upset many of the tour's players at the time.[8][9]

In 2006, Crocs signed on as the title sponsor of the tour, which became known as the AVP Crocs Tour until its suspension in 2010. Other corporate sponsors for the tour included McDonald's, Nautica, Anheuser-Busch, Nature Valley and Xbox.[10] By 2008, the AVP had an annual revenue of nearly US$25 million and were organizing as many as 31 events each year. However, the tour was hit badly by the financial crisis of 2007–2008 which saw it lose sponsors and revenue.[11]

The AVP suspended its operations in August 2010, canceling the five remaining tournaments in the tour calendar[12][11] and filing for bankruptcy once more.[5] During the AVP's absence, two other domestic professional tours, the National Volleyball League (NVL)[13] and the Jose Cuervo Pro Volleyball Beach Series,[11] were formed.

A women's match at the 2017 Hermosa Beach Open

The AVP was bought in December 2010 by DFA PVA II Partners, LLC, and a tournament was held in Huntington Beach, California in October 2011.[11] In April 2012, the AVP was bought by Donald Sun and two tournaments, the Cincinnati Open and the 2012 AVP Championships, were held later that year.[14] The first full AVP season under Sun began in 2013.[12] Facing competition from the NVL, the AVP required players competing on the 2017 AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour to sign a four-year exclusivity contract.[15][16]

Since its re-emergence in 2013, the AVP Pro Beach Volleyball Tour has once again established itself as the biggest professional beach volleyball tour in the United States,[1] with most of the top American players competing on the tour.[17] International players are allowed to play on the AVP tour as well if they have dual citizenship or permanent residency in the United States.[18] Notable international players on the tour include Brazil's Ricardo Santos and Canada's Sarah Pavan.[17]