Awali (river)
The Awali (Arabic: نهر الأولي / ALA-LC: Nahr al-Awalī, ancient Bostrenus / Bostrenos)[1][2] is a perennial river flowing in Southern Lebanon.[3] In ancient times it was known as the River Asclepius. It is 48 kilometres (30 mi) long, originating from the Barouk mountain at a height of 1,492 metres (4,895 ft) and the Niha mountain.
![](../I/8.Le_Nahr_el-Auwly_(le_Bostrenus).jpg.webp)
Awali | |
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Location | |
Country | Lebanon |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | Barouk and Niha mountains, Lebanon |
Mouth | |
• location | the Mediterranean |
Length | 48 kilometres (30 mi) |
Basin size | 294 km2 (114 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• average | 10.1625 m3/s (358.89 cu ft/s) |
The Awali is supplemented by two tributaries, the Barouk and Aaray rivers. The Awali is also known as the Bisri river in its upper section; it flows through the western face of Mount Lebanon and into the Mediterranean. The Awali river has a discharge of 10.1625 m3/s (358.89 cu ft/s), it forms a watershed that has an area of about 294 km2 (114 sq mi).[4] The rivers flows into Joun Lake, which is part of the Bisri Dam project to improve the supply of fresh water to the region.[5][6]
References
- Renan, Ernest (1864). Mission de Phénicie dirigée par Ernest Renan: Texte (in French). Impr. impériale. p. 506.
- Lipiński, Edward (1992). Dictionnaire de la civilisation phénicienne et punique (in French). Brepols. p. 77. ISBN 978-2-503-50033-1.
- Lebanese Ministry of Environment (2008). Lebanon State of the Environment Report (PDF). Beirut: Ministry of Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- Arab Resource Development (2003). INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CAMP AREA WITH DEMONSTRATIONS IN DAMOUR, SARAFAND AND NAQOURA MUNICIPALITIES (PDF). Beirut: Ministry of Environment. p. 55. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- "Greater Beirut Water Supply Augmentation Project: Environment and Social Impact Assessment" (PDF).
- Ray, Kirshen and Vogel, Patrick A., Paul H., and Richard M. (2010). "Integrated Optimization of Dual Quality Water and Wastewater System". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 136: 11 – via ascelibrary.