Aylmer Haldane

General Sir James Aylmer Lowthorpe Haldane, GCMG, KCB, DSO (17 November 1862 – 19 April 1950)[1] was a Scottish British Army General.

Sir Aylmer Haldane
Sir Aylmer Haldane, photographed around 1900
Born(1862-11-17)17 November 1862
Gleneagles, Scotland
Died19 April 1950(1950-04-19) (aged 87)
London, England
Buried
Brookwood Cemetery
Service/branch British Army
Years of service1882–1925
RankGeneral
Commands held10th Infantry Brigade
3rd Division
6th Army Corps
Battles/warsNorth West Frontier
Russo-Japanese War - Military Attache
Second Boer War
World War I
Insurrection of Mesopotamia, 1920
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order

Early life

Born to physician Daniel Rutherford Haldane and his wife Charlotte Elizabeth née Lowthorpe, James Aylmer Lowthorpe Haldane came from a family of distinguished Scottish aristocrats based in Gleneagles. He was cousin to Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, Secretary of State for War 1905–1912, instigator of the Haldane Reforms.

Military career

In September 1882, after attending the Edinburgh Academy and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,[2] Haldane was commissioned as a British officer of the Gordon Highlanders.[3] On 18 February 1886, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and on 8 April 1892 to the rank of captain.[4]

Between 1894 and 1895, Haldane was part of the Waziristan Field Force and participated in the Chitral Expedition.[3] He was dispatched to quell the Afridis rebellion in the Tirah campaign for the next two years (1897–1898),[3] was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 20 May 1898,[5] and became aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief East Indies later the same year. Haldane fought in the Second Boer War in South Africa,[3] where he was taken a war prisoner. While imprisoned in Pretoria, he planned the escape which made Winston Churchill famous. Haldane failed to escape at the same time and later complained of Churchill's lack of regard for those who should have escaped with him. However, Haldane later managed his own escape.[6]

Haldane was appointed a staff captain in the Intelligence Section at the War Office on 27 June 1901,[7] promoted to major on 23 July 1902,[7] and received the brevet rank of lieutenant colonel on the following day.[8][9] He was military attaché with the Imperial Japanese Army from July 1904 to September 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War, and accompanied Japanese forces into Manchuria.[2]

Following promotion to brevet colonel, Haldane was appointed Companion of the Bath on 16 March 1906[10] and granted the rank of colonel on 29 October 1906.[11] From 1906 to 1909, he served as assistant director of military intelligence.[2] On 1 October 1909, Haldane was promoted to temporary brigadier-general[12] and in 1910 become commander of 10th Infantry Brigade.[3]

Aylmer Haldane's grave in Brookwood Cemetery

Haldane fought in World War I initially as General Officer Commanding 3rd Division, then part of the British Expeditionary Force.[3] He was given command of 6th Army Corps in France in 1916.[3]

After WWI, Haldane was appointed General Officer Commanding Mesopotamia in 1920 and remained in that post until 1922. He retired in 1925.[3]

Death

Haldane died in his 88th year on 19 April 1950 at his home in London, his body was buried at Brookwood Cemetery, in Surrey.[1]

Honours and decorations

Selected works

Haldane's published writings encompass 6 works in 8 publications in 1 language and 311 library holdings.

  • How We Escaped from Pretoria. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. 1901.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • A brigade of the old army, 1914, relating to operations of 10 Infantry Bde, France, Aug–Nov 1914. London: Edward Arnold. 1920.
  • The Insurrection in Mesopotamia, 1920. London: W. Blackwood and sons. 1922. Archived from the original on 17 October 2006.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • The Haldanes of Gleneagles. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. 1929.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • A Soldier's Saga: The Autobiography of General Sir Aylmer Haldane. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. 1948.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Papers
  • LIDDELL HART CENTRE FOR MILITARY ARCHIVES
The papers of Lt Gen Sir Lawrence Worthington Parsons include letter from Haldane relating to 16 Irish Div 1916; the papers of Brig Sir James Edward Edmonds include 12 letters from Haldane 1905–1935 (ref: Edmonds)
  • BRITISH LIBRARY, ORIENTAL AND INDIA OFFICE COLLECTIONS, LONDON
Copy of Haldane's official report, Battle of the Sha-Ho, Second Japanese Army, operations from the 5 September to the 19 October 1904 (ref: 9057.de.2)
  • CHURCHILL ARCHIVES CENTRE, CHURCHILL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
The papers of Maj Gen Sir Edward Louis Spears include correspondence 1934–1938 (ref: SPRS 1/156)
  • IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, LONDON
Diary as 10 Bde Commander, Shorncliffe 1912–1914; The papers of FM Sir Henry Hughes Wilson include correspondence with Haldane 1920–1921 (ref: HHW)
  • NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SCOTLAND, EDINBURGH
Collection of papers 1890–1950 (ref: MSS 20247-59); including letters and diaries; papers relating to his World War I service; papers relating to Mesopotamia 1920–1922

See also

Notes and references
  1. Simpson, Andy (October 2008). "Haldane, Sir (James) Aylmer Lowthorpe (1862–1950)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/95438. Retrieved 3 May 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. Kowner 2006, pp. 139–140.
  3. "Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives". King's College London. 19 October 1904.
  4. Hart 1903, p. 54a.
  5. "No. 26968". The London Gazette. 20 May 1898. p. 3166.
  6. Haldane 1901.
  7. "No. 27456". The London Gazette. 22 July 1902. p. 4673.
  8. "No. 27456". The London Gazette. 22 July 1902. p. 4674.
  9. "No. 27472". The London Gazette. 9 September 1902. p. 5814.
  10. "No. 27895". The London Gazette. 16 March 1906. p. 1881.
  11. "No. 27964". The London Gazette. 6 November 1906. p. 7480.
  12. "No. 28295". The London Gazette. 8 October 1909. p. 7430.
Military offices
Preceded by
Colin Mackenzie		 GOC 3rd Division
1914–1916		 Succeeded by
Cyril Deverell
Preceded by
John Keir		 GOC VI Corps
1916–1919		 Succeeded by
Post disbanded
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