BBCH-scale (bean)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for beans describes the phenological development of bean plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of bean are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Germination00Dry seed
01Beginning of seed imbibition
03Seed imbibition complete
05Radicle emerged from seed
07Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
08Hypocotyl reaches the soil surface; hypocotyl arch visible
09Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons break through soil surface ("cracking stage")
1: Leaf development10Cotyledons completely unfolded
122 full leaves (first leaf pair unfolded)
133rd true leaf (first trifoliate leaf) unfolded
1 .Stages continuous till ...
199 or more leaves (2 full leaves, 7 or more trifoliate) unfolded
2: Formation of side shoots21First side shoot visible
222nd side shoot visible
233rd side shoot visible
2 .Stages continuous till ...
299 or more side shoots visible
5: Inflorescence emergence51First flower buds visible
55First flower buds enlarged
59First petals visible, flowers still closed
6: Flowering60First flowers open (sporadically within the population)
61Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open1

Beginning of flowering2

6220% of flowers open1
6330% of flowers open1
6440% of flowers open1
65Full flowering: 50% of flowers open1

Main flowering period2

67Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry1
69End of flowering: first pods visible1
7: Development of fruit7110% of pods have reached typical length1

Beginning of pot development2

7220% of pods have reached typical length1
7330% of pods have reached typical length1
7440% of pods have reached typical length1
7550% of pods have reached typical length,

beans beginning to fill out1 Main pod development period2

7660% of pods have reached typical length1
7770% of pods have reached typical length, pods still break cleanly1
7880% of pods have reached typical length1
79Pods: individual beans easily visible1
8: Ripening of fruit and seed8110% of pods ripe (beans hard)1

Seeds beginning to mature2

8220% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
8330% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
8440% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
8550% of pods ripe (beans hard)1

Main period of ripening2

8660% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
8770% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
8880% of pods ripe (beans hard)1
89Fully ripe: pods ripe (beans hard)1
9: Senescence97Plants dead
99Harvested product

1 For varieties with limited flowering period
2 For varieties in which the flowering period is not limited

References

  • Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder; L. Buhr; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Klose; U. Meier; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: II. Fruchtgemüse und Hülsenfrüchte. Nachrichtenbl. Deut". Pflanzenschutzd. 47: 217–232.
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