Balthasar van der Pol

Balthasar van der Pol (27 January 1889 – 6 October 1959) was a Dutch physicist.

Balthasar van der Pol
Born(1889-01-27)27 January 1889
Utrecht
Died6 October 1959(1959-10-06) (aged 70)
Wassenaar
NationalityDutch
Alma materUtrecht University
Known forVan der Pol oscillator
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Thesis (1920)
Doctoral advisorWillem Henri Julius
In this Dutch name, the surname is Van der Pol, not Pol.

Van der Pol began his studies of physics in Utrecht in 1911. J. A. Fleming offered van der Pol the use of the Pender Electrical Laboratory at University College for a study of the heuristics of wireless reception on board ships.[1] In England he also worked with J. J. Thomson. Upon his return to Holland, Balthsar worked with Hendrick Lorentz at Teylers Stichting. For his thesis he wrote The effect of an ionised gas on electro-magnetic wave propagation and its application to radio, as demonstrated by glow-discharge measurement[2] under the supervision of Willem Henri Julius. He was awarded his Ph.D. in 1920. He joined Philips Research Laboratories in 1921, where he worked until his retirement in 1949.

As observed by Hendrik Casimir, "Radio might have remained a field of haphazard empiricism along with wild commercial ventures, but for the influence of men like Van der Pol who stressed the need for a more scientific approach."[3]

The differential equations of coupled electrical systems drew his interest, and he developed the idea of "relaxation oscillations".[4][5] With J. van der Mark he applied the idea to the heartbeat,[6] which provided one of the earliest quantitative models of the action potential. In 1927, he noted occasional noisy behavior in a vacuum tube oscillator circuit.[7] These studies led him to the van der Pol equation and Oliver Heaviside’s operational calculus for dealing with differential equations. He submitted articles to Philosophical Magazine on the operational calculus and, in coordination with H. Bremmer, wrote Modern Operational Calculus based on the Two-sided Laplace Integral, published by Cambridge University Press.

He was awarded the Institute of Radio Engineers (now the IEEE) Medal of Honor in 1935. The asteroid 10443 van der Pol was named after him.

Van der Pol became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949.[8]

Works
  • 1928: (with J van der Mark) The Heartbeat considered as a Relaxation oscillation, and an Electrical Model of the Heart. Phil. Mag. Suppl. No. 6 pp 763–775
  • 1947: An electro-mechanical investigation of the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 53: 976–81 MR0022712
  • 1964: (with H. Bremmer) Operational Calculus Cambridge University Press
  • 1960: Selected Scientific Papers, North-Holland Two volumes

References
  1. B. van der Pol (1917) "A note on the relation of the audibility factor of a shunted telephone to the antenna circuit as used in the reception of wireless signals", Philosophical Magazine 34: 184–8
  2. De invloed van een geioniseerd gas op het voortschrijden van electromagnetische golven en toepassingen daarvan op het gebied der draadlooze telegraphie en bij metingen van glimlichtontladingen
  3. Hendrik Casimir (1960) "Introduction" to Balthasar van der Pol: Selected Scientific Papers, North-Holland
  4. B. van der Pol (1926) "On relaxation-oscillations", Philosophical Magazine 2: 978–92
  5. Jean-Marc Ginoux (2012) "Van der Pol and the history of relaxation oscillations: Toward the emergence of a concept", Chaos 22 doi:10.1063/1.3670008
  6. B. van der Pol and J. van der Mark (1929) "The heartbeat considered as a relaxation-oscillation, and an electrical model of the heart", Philosophical Magazine 6: 673–75
  7. Wolfram, Stephen (2002). A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. p. 971. ISBN 1-57955-008-8.
  8. "Balthasar van der Pol (1889 - 1959)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
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