Barzan, Iraq

Barzan (Kurdish: بارزان ,Barzan‎[1][2]) is a village located on the eastern shores of the Great Zab in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The village belongs to the influential Barzani tribe.

Barzan
Barzani Memorial Center
Barzan
Barzan
Coordinates: 36°54′54″N 44°2′31″E
Country Iraq
Autonomous region Kurdistan Region
GovernorateErbil Governorate
DistrictMergasor District

History

The village was formerly land belonging to the Zebari tribe and was part of Bahdinan under the name Baziran. The village has had a Naqshbandi presence since the 13th century which would later be known as the Barzani tribe.[3]

In 1914, Barzan was the site of a Russian-supported Kurdish uprising against the Ottoman Empire, which was fought concurrently with the Bitlis uprising.[4]

The tribe was nominally autonomous from the Ottoman Empire until 1915 when the Ottomans stormed the village and hanged the local sheikh. In the early 20th century, the village had a conflict with the neighboring Bradost tribe which necessitated intervention from Iraqi authorities.

In 1943, local Mustafa Barzani revolted and quickly gathered support against Iraq in which would become the 1943 Barzani revolt.[3]

Climate

Barzan has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. It is one of the rainiest cities in Iraq. Winter nights average below freezing most of the time, providing frost in the city. Snow occasionally occurs.

Climate data for Barzan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2)		 10.5
(50.9)		 14.7
(58.5)		 20.6
(69.1)		 27.8
(82.0)		 34.5
(94.1)		 38.7
(101.7)		 38.8
(101.8)		 34.8
(94.6)		 27.4
(81.3)		 17.9
(64.2)		 10.9
(51.6)		 23.8
(74.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 5.5
(41.9)		 9.4
(48.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 21.1
(70.0)		 26.9
(80.4)		 30.9
(87.6)		 30.8
(87.4)		 26.6
(79.9)		 20.0
(68.0)		 12.3
(54.1)		 6.3
(43.3)		 17.4
(63.3)
Average low °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 4.2
(39.6)		 9.0
(48.2)		 14.4
(57.9)		 19.4
(66.9)		 23.2
(73.8)		 22.8
(73.0)		 18.4
(65.1)		 12.7
(54.9)		 6.7
(44.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 11.0
(51.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 151
(5.9)		 172
(6.8)		 150
(5.9)		 114
(4.5)		 37
(1.5)		 1
(0.0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 1
(0.0)		 19
(0.7)		 88
(3.5)		 106
(4.2)		 839
(33)
Source: Climate-Data[5]

References

  1. "Gelo Rêbaza Barzanî tê çi wate ye?". Navkurd (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  2. "فێستیڤاڵی کولتووری ناوچەی بارزان". Rûdaw (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  3. Mackenzie, D.N. (1965). "Bārzān". Encyclopedia of Islam (2 ed.). doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1250.
  4. Henning, Barbara (2018-04-03). Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post-Imperial Contexts: Continuities and Changes. University of Bamberg Press. pp. 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327. ISBN 9783863095512.
  5. "Climate statistics for Barzan". Climate Data. Retrieved 21 January 2017.


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