Bastille Day event

The Bastille Day Flare or Bastille Day Event was a powerful solar flare on July 14, 2000, the national day of France, occurring near the peak of the solar maximum in solar cycle 23.[1][2] The X5.7-class flare originated from a sunspot known as Active region 9077, which subsequently caused an S3 radiation storm on Earth fifteen minutes later as energetic protons bombarded the ionosphere.[1][3] It was the biggest solar radiation event since 1989.[3] The proton event was four times more intense than any previously recorded since the launches of SOHO in 1995 and ACE in 1997.[1]

This article is about the 2000 solar flare. For the event celebrated by Bastille Day, see Storming of the Bastille. For festivities of Bastille Day, see Bastille Day. For the 2016 vehicular homicide attack in Nice, see 2016 Nice truck attack. For other uses, see Bastille Day attack and Bastille Day (disambiguation).

The flare was also followed by a full-halo coronal mass ejection[1] and a geomagnetic super storm on July 15–16. The geomagnetic storm peaked at the extreme level, G5, in the late hours of July 15, and registered a DST of -301 nT, causing minor damage to power transformers and satellites[4] and was also one of only two solar storms having registered 9+ at Kp max since 1989, the other being the Halloween solar storms of 2003. [5][6]

Despite their great distance from the Sun, the Bastille Day event was observed by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.[7]

Due to being the first major solar storm since the launch of various solar-monitoring satellites, the Bastille Day event proved important towards helping scientists piece together a general theory of how eruptions on the sun occur as well as protecting the Earth from a larger event, such as a Carrington-class event, some day in the future.[8]

See also

References
  1. "Space Radiation Storm". NASA. 2004-07-14. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
  2. Associated Press (2000-07-14). "NASA Says Solar Flare Caused Radio Blackouts". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
  3. Roylance, Frank D. (2000-07-15). "Solar flare biggest since '89". Contra Costa Times. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
  4. "Minor Damage Reported from Geomagnetic Storm" (PDF). Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  5. "Top 50 Geomagnetic Storms". Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  6. "The Bastille Day (14 July 2000) event in historical large sun-earth connection events". January 2001. doi:10.1023/A:1014273227639. Retrieved 2 January 2021. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. Webber, W. R., F. B. McDonald, J. A. Lockwood, and B. Heikkila (2002), The effect of the July 14, 2000 "Bastille Day" solar flare event on >70 MeV galactic cosmic rays observed at V1 and V2 in the distant heliosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10, 1377–1380, doi:10.1029/2002GL014729.
  8. Moskowitz, Clara (14 July 2011). "Bastille Day Solar Storm: Anatomy of a Gargantuan Sun Tempest". Retrieved 2 January 2021.
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