Behesht-e Zahra

Behesht-e Zahra (Persian: بهشت زهرا‎, lit. The Paradise of Zahra, from Fatima az-Zahra) is the largest cemetery in Iran. Located in the southern part of metropolitan Tehran,[1] it is connected to the city by Tehran Metro Line 1.

For the village, see Beheshti, Tehran.

Behesht-e Zahra
بهشت زهرا
Shown within Tehran
Details
Established1970
Location
Tehran
CountryIran
Coordinates35.536°N 51.370°E / 35.536; 51.370
TypePublic
Size534 hectares (1,320 acres)
No. of graves1,600,000
Websitebeheshtezahra.tehran.ir
Find a GraveBehesht-e Zahra
بهشت زهرا

History

In the early 1950s, all the cemeteries in Tehran were supposed to be replaced by several large new ones outside the then precincts of the capital. Behesht-e Zahra was built in late 1960s on the southern side of Tehran towards the direction of the city of Qom and opened on 29 June 1970 by mayor of Tehran, Gholamreza Nikpey. It was named by Ayatollah Ahmad Khonsari. The first person buried in Behesht-e Zahra was Mohammad-Taghi Khial on 25 July 1970.

Many of the deceased soldiers of the Iran–Iraq War were buried in the martyr's section of the graveyard.[2][3]

Notable burials

Royalties

Politicians (Pahlavi Era)
    • Sādegh Rezāzādeh Shafagh (fa) (1895–1971) – politician and scholar
    • Saeid Mālek Loqmān ol-Molk (fa) (1888–1972) – minister of health (1944–48) and senator
    • Hossein Navāb (1897–1972) – minister of foreign affairs (1952)
    • Abdolrahmān Farāmarzi (1897–1972) – politician
    • Mozaffar A'lam (1882–1973) – politician
    • Mohammad Sā'ed Sā'ed ol-Vozarā (1883–1973) – prime minister of Iran (1944) and (1948–50)
    • Ahmad Ārāmesh (fa) (1908–1973) – minister of labour (1946–47)
    • Rezā Tajaddod (fa) (1888–1974) – politician
    • Abdolqadir Āzād (fa) (1891–1974) – politician
    • Aligholi Hedāyat (fa) (1898–1974) – senator
    • Mohammad-Ali Keshavārz Sadr (1902–1974) – politician
    • Hājar Tarbiat (fa) (1906–1974) – senator
    • Nāser Āmeri (fa) (1928–1975) – politician
    • Mohammad-Ali Dādvar (fa) (1903–1977) – politician
    • Ahmad Bahādori (fa) (1911–1977) – senator
    • Jahānshāh Samsām (fa) (1911–1977) – senator
    • Mahmoud Jalili (fa) (1912–1977) – senator
    • Amir-Abbās Hoveydā (1919–1979) – prime minister of Iran (1965–77) and leader of Rastakhiz party
    • Mahmoud Jafariān (1928–1979) – director-general of National Iranian Radio and Television (NIRT)
    • Gholāmhossein Dāneshi (fa) (1936–1979) – politician
    • Parviz Nikkhāh (de) (1939–1979) – politician
    • Sālār Jāff (fa) (1940–1979) – politician
    • Najafgholi Moezzi Hesām od-Dowleh (fa) (1886–1980) – politician
    • Habibollāh Amouzgār (fa) (1890–1980) – minister of education (1951) and senator
    • Abolqāsem Najm (1892–1980) – minister of foreign affairs (1945–46)
    • Nasrollāh Entezām (1900–1980) – diplomat
    • Hossein-Ali Rāshed (fa) (1905–1980) – politician
    • Farrokhroo Pārsā (1922–1980) – minister of education (1968–71)
    • Anoushirvān Sepahbodi (1888–1981) – diplomat and minister of foreign affairs (1947)
    • Javād Āmeri (fa) (1891–1981) – politician
    • Allāh-Yār Sāleh (1897–1981) – diplomat and politician
    • Abdolbāghi Shoāei (fa) (1903–1982) – minister of finance (1960–62)
    • Mehdi Mashāyekhi (fa) (1905–1985) – mayor of Tehran (1945–46)
    • Abbās Ārām (1906–1985) – minister of foreign affairs (1959–66)
    • Amanollāh Ardalān (fa) (1884–1986) – politician
    • Shams Qanatābādi (fa) (1914–1987) – politician
    • Amir-Teymour Kalāli (1894–1988) – minister of interior (1949–51)
    • Ebrāhim Fakhrāei (fa) (1899–1988) – politician
    • Zeynolābedin Rahnamā (fa) (1890–1989) – politician
    • Mohammad-Ali Vārasteh (fa) (1894–1989) – senator
    • Hossein Jodat (fa) (1892–1990) – politician
    • Kāzem Hassibi (1906–1990) – politician
    • Abbāsqoli Golshāyān (fa) (1902–1990) – minister of finance (1948–50)
    • Mohammad-Sādeq Amir-Azizi (fa) (1904–1992) – minister of interior (1961–63)
    • Ahmad Hooman (1909–1995) (fa) – minister of imperial court (1951)
    • Azizollāh Malek-Esmāili (fa) (1903–1996) – politician
    • Jahānshāh Sāleh (fa) (1904–1996) – senator
    • Jalāl Abdoh (de) (1909–1996) – diplomat
    • Nosratollāh Kāsemi (fa) (1911–1996) – politician
    • Parvin Soufi (fa) (d. 1997) – politician
    • Vajihollāh Fāzel (fa) (1907–1998) – senator
    • Gholāmali Farivar (fa) (1909–1998) – minister of industries and mines (1961)
    • Shams-ol-Molouk Mosāheb (fa) (1922–1998) – senator
    • Abolfazl Ghāzi (fa) (1931–1998) – minister of higher education (1978)
    • Mehrangiz Manouchehriān (1906–2000) – lawyer and senator
    • Hassan Shālchiān (fa) (1911–2000) – minister of roads and transportation
    • Javād Sadr (fa) (1912–2000) – minister of interior (1963–66)
    • Abolghāsem Tafazzoli (fa) (1921–2004) – politician
    • Hossein Falsafi (fa) (1919–2005) – politician
    • Sabār Farmānfarmāiān (1912–2006) – minister of health (1953)
    • Amir-Nosratollāh Bālākhānlou (1917–2007) – politician
    • Mohammad-Ali Safi-Asfiā (fa) (1913–2008) – chief of Planning and Budget Organization (1962–68)
    • Kāzem Oskouei (fa) (1919–2009) – politician
    • Mohammad-Rezā Jalāli Nāeini (fa) (1916–2010) – senator
    • Masoud Borzin (fa) (1920–2010) – director-general of NIRT
    • Hassan-Ali Sāremi Kalāli (fa) (1926–2011) – politician
    • Manouchehr Āgah (fa) (1930–2012) – politician
    • Yahyā Sādeq Vaziri (fa) (1911–2013) – minister of justice (1979)
    • Rahim Zehtābfar (fa) (1927–2013) – politician
    • Rezā Kermāni (fa) (1934–2013) – politician
    • Manouchehr Saeid Vaziri (fa) (1920–2014) – politician
    • Karim Motamedi (fa) (1924–2018) – minister of communications (1974–79)

Military Personnel

Political Dissidents

Politicians (Islamic Republic)

Scholars and journalists

Artists
    • Dāvoud Pirniā (fa) (1900–1971) – musician
    • Saeid Hormozi (1897–1976) – musician
    • Majid Vafādār (fa) (1913–1976) – musician
    • Afshin Moghadam (1945–1976) – singer
    • Mohammad-Ali Amir-Jāhed (fa) (1896–1977) – musician
    • Hossein Nāsehi (1925–1977) – musician
    • Abolhassan Etesāmi (1903–1978) – architect
    • Ali-Naqi Vaziri (1886–1979) – musician
    • Javād Badizādeh (fa) (1902–1979) – musician
    • Gholāmali Ravānbakhsh (fa) (1935–1979) – singer
    • Esmāil Adib Khānsāri (1901–1982) – musician
    • Farāmarz Pilārām (fa) (1937–1983) – painter
    • Hossein Gol-e-Golāb (1895–1984) – poet and musician
    • Mahmoud Mahmoudi Khānsāri (fa) (1934–1987) – singer
    • Amanollāh Tājik (fa) (1937–1987) – singer
    • Maryam Rouhparvar (fa) (1932–1988) – singer
    • Ahmad Ebādi (1906–1993) – musician
    • Javād Maroufi (1912–1993) – musician
    • Abolhassan Sadighi (1894–1995) – painter and sculptor
    • Rassām Arabzādeh (fa) (1914–1995) – carpet designer
    • Heshmat Sanjari (1918–1995) – composer and conductor
    • Hossein Sarshār (de) (1934–1995) – singer and actor
    • Giti Pāshāei (1940–1995) – singer
    • Changiz Shahvagh (fa) (1933–1996) – painter and sculptor
    • Naser Farhangfar (fr) (1947–1997) – musician
    • Jalil Ziāpour (1920–1999) – painter
    • Molouk Zarrābi (eo) (1907–2000) – singer
    • Jafar Pourhāshemi (fa) (1928–2001) – musician
    • Jahāngir Malek (fa) (1933–2002) – musician
    • Asadollāh Malek (fa) (1941–2002) – musician
    • Hossein Lorzādeh (1906–2004) – architect
    • Mortezā Varzi (1922–2004) – musician
    • Delkash (1924–2004) – singer
    • Hadi Āmeri (1913–2005) – composer and conductor
    • Jafar Petgar (fa) (1920–2005) – painter
    • Fereydoun Nāseri (fa) (1930–2005) – conductor
    • Mojtabā Mirzādeh (1945–2005) – musician
    • Ali-Akbar Sanati (ru) (1916–2006) – painter and sculptor
    • Ali Tajvidi (1919–2006) – musician
    • Hadi Mirmirān (1945–2006) – architect
    • Bābak Bayāt (fa) (1946–2006) – musician
    • Omrān Salāhi (fa) (1946–2006) – writer
    • Fākhereh Sabā (1920–2007) – opera singer
    • Hamid Ghanbari (fa) (1924–2007) – singer
    • Parviz Yāhaghi (1936–2007) – composer
    • Parivash Sotoudeh (fa) (d. 2007) – singer
    • Ghorbān Soleimāni (1920–2008) – musician and vocalist
    • Abbās Kātouzian (1923–2008) – painter and artist
    • Khātereh Parvāneh (1929–2008) – singer
    • Nikol Faridani (1935–2008) – photographer
    • Shusha Guppy (1935–2008) – writer, editor and singer
    • Jāzeh Tabātabāi (1938–2008) – painter
    • Nāmi Petgar (fa) (1945–2008) – painter
    • Mohammad-Amin Mirfenderski (fa) (1931–2009) – architect
    • Farāmarz Pāyvar (1933–2009) – musician
    • Hassan Shojāei (fa) (1941–2009) – singer
    • Mehdi Sahābi (1944–2009) – painter and sculptor
    • Abdi Yamini (fa) (1953–2009) – musician
    • Parviz Meshkātiān (1955–2009) – musician
    • Mohammad Nouri (1929–2010) – singer
    • Bahman Jalāli (1944–2010) – photographer
    • Farmān Behboud (1946–2010) – musician
    • Masoud Houshmand (fa) (1946–2010) – songwriter
    • Āndre Ārzoumāniān (Անդրե Արզումանյան) (fa) (1954–2010) – musician
    • Mahmoud Javādipour (de) (1920–2012) – painter
    • Mansoureh Hosseini (1926–2012) – artist
    • Behrouz Ahmadi (fa) (1946–2012) – architect
    • Jalil Shahnāz (1921–2013) – musician
    • Ghāsem Jebeli (fa) (1927–2013) – singer
    • Dāriush Safvat (1928–2013) – musician
    • Homāyoun Khorram (1930–2013) – musician
    • Mortezā Pāshāei (1984–2014) – singer
    • Mansour Narimān (1935–2015) – musician
    • Nimā Petgar (fa) (1947–2015) – painter
    • Javād Lashkari (fa) (1923–2016) – musician
    • Asghar Bichāreh (1927–2016) – photographer
    • Farhang Sharif (1931–2016) – musician
    • Ali-Akbar Tajvidi (1927–2017) – painter
    • Nāder Golchin (fa) (1936–2017) – singer
    • Hāmed Hākān (fa) (1984–2017) – singer
    • Nāser Cheshmāzar (1950–2018) – musician
    • Shirin Aliābādi (1973–2018) – artist
    • Hossein Dehlavi (1927–2019) – composer
    • Masoud Arabshāhi (1935–2019) – painter
    • Farhād Ebrāhimi (1935–2019) – songwriter
    • Mehrbānou Salāmi (fa) (1935–2019) – singer
    • Hossein Zamarshidi (fa) (1939–2019) – architect
    • Fereydoun Sadighi (fa) (1936–2020) – sculptor
    • Houshang Zarif (1938–2020) – musician
    • Farhād Ahmadi (fa) (1951–2020) – architect
    • Ahmad NikTalab (1934 –2020)_ poet, author, and linguist.

Actors, actresses and film directors
    • Mahmoud Johari (fa) (1945–1976) – actor
    • Ebrāhim Morādi (fa) (1907–1977) – film director
    • Akbar Meshkin (fa) (1925–1977) – actor
    • Samad Sabāhi (fa) (1914–1978) – actor
    • Parviz Fanizādeh (1937–1979) – actor
    • Khosrow Haritāsh (1932–1980) – film director
    • Esmāil Koushān (1917–1981) – film director
    • Habibollāh Bolour (1913–1982) – actor and wrestler
    • Mohammad-Taqi Kahnamouei (fa) (1920–1983) – actor
    • Esmāil Poursaeid (fa) (1926–1983) – film director
    • Abbās Mosaddegh (fa) (1926–1984) – actor
    • Moezz-Divan Fekri (fa) (1900–1985) – actor and film director
    • Khānbābā Motazedi (1892–1986) – film photographer
    • Ātash Khayyer (fa) (1952–1986) – actress
    • Esmāil Mohammadi (fa) (1910–1987) – actor
    • Sāber Ātashin (fa) (1926–1987) – actor
    • Roshanak Sadr (fa) (1959–1987) – actress
    • Sādegh Bahrāmi (fa) (1909–1988) – actor
    • Ezzatollāh Moghbeli (fa) (1933–1988) – actor
    • Mohsen Badie (fa) (1908–1989) – film director
    • Mahmoud Lotfi (fa) (1926–1989) – actor
    • Ezzatollāh Vosough (fa) (1914–1991) – actor
    • Houshang Beheshti (fa) (1923–1991) – actor
    • Parviz Khatibi (fa) (1923–1993) – film director
    • Siāmak Yāsemi (1925–1994) – film director
    • Farhang Mehrparvar (fa) (1946–1994) – actor
    • Ali Sajjādi Hosseini (1953–1994) – film director
    • Roghieh Chehreh-Āzād (fa) (1907–1995) – actress
    • Irān Daftari (fa) (1907–1996) – actress
    • Gholamhossein Naghshineh (1908–1996) – actor
    • Valiollāh Khākdān (1923–1996) – art director
    • Jalāl Moghaddam (fa) (1929–1996) – film director
    • Manouchehr Hāmedi (fa) (1939–1996) – actor
    • Ali Hātami (1944–1996) – film director
    • Rouhangiz Sāminejād (1916–1997) – actress
    • Jahāngir Forouhar (1916–1997) – actor
    • Ali Tābesh (fa) (1925–1997) – actor
    • Fereshteh Jenābi (1948–1998) – actress
    • Gholamhossein Bahmanyār (fa) (1927–1999) – actor
    • Rouhollāh Emāmi (de) (1940–1999) – film editor
    • Ahmad Najibzādeh (fa) (1940–1999) – screenwriter
    • Ali-Asghar Garmsiri (fa) (1911–2000) – actor
    • Nematollāh Gorji (1926–2000) – actor
    • Mohammad-Ali Fardin (1930–2000) – actor and wrestler
    • Firouz Behjat Mohammadi (fa) (1936–2000) – actor
    • Roubik Mansouri (Ռուբիկ Մանսուրի) (fa) (1937–2000) – film editor
    • Mahin Deyhim (fa) (1925–2001) – actress
    • Jamileh Sheykhi (1930–2001) – actress
    • Jamshid Mehrdād (fa) (1932–2001) – actor
    • Mansour Vālāmaqām (fa) (1936–2001) – actor
    • Kanaān Kiāni (fa) (1932–2002) – actor
    • Parvin Malakouti (fa) (1938–2002) – actress
    • Jamshid Esmāilkhāni (fa) (1950–2002) – actor
    • Rezā Jiān (fa) (1949–2003) – actor
    • Mehdi Fathi (1939–2004) – actor
    • Mostafā Oskouei (1924–2005) – film director
    • Manouchehr Nowzari (fa) (1936–2005) – actor
    • Mohsen Ārāsteh (fa) (1937–2005) – actor
    • Fereydoun Goleh (1942–2005) – film director
    • Ali Zāhedi (fa) (1949–2005) – actor
    • Bitā Tavakkoli (fa) (1994–2005) – child actress
    • Jafar Bozorgi (fa) (1917–2006) – actor
    • Ahmad Ghadakchiān (1920–2006) – actor
    • Abdolali Homāyoun (fa) (1920–2006) – actor
    • Hossein Kasbiān (fa) (1934–2006) – actor
    • Soroush Khalili (fa) (1937–2006) – actor
    • Vākhtāng Nersi Korkiā (fa) (1938–2006) – actor
    • Hamid Rakhshāni (fa) (1951–2006) – film editor
    • Poopak Goldarreh (1971–2006) – actress
    • Garshā Raoufi (fa) (1933–2007) – actor
    • Rasoul Mollāgholipour (1955–2007) – film director
    • Esmāil Dāvarfar (1932–2008) – actor
    • Khosrow Shakibāei (1944–2008) – actor
    • Ahmad Āqālou (fa) (1949–2008) – actor
    • Abbās Sakhāei (1953–2008) – actor and photographer
    • Dāvoud Asadi (fa) (1969–2008) – actor
    • Mehri Mehrniā (fa) (1917–2009) – actress
    • Parvin Soleimāni (1922–2009) – actress
    • Farrokh-Laghā Houshmand (fa) (1929–2009) – actress
    • Abbās Shabāviz (fa) (1929–2009) – actor
    • Jamshid Lāyegh (fa) (1931–2009) – actor
    • Ali Miri (fa) (1936–2009) – actor
    • Amir Ghavidel (fa) (1947–2009) – film director
    • Seifollāh Dād (1955–2009) – film director
    • Masoud Rassām (fa) (1957–2009) – film director
    • Peymān Abadi (1972–2009) – stuntman
    • Nikou Kheradmand (1932–2009) – actress
    • Esmāil Riāhi (fa) (1920–2010) – film director
    • Hamideh Kheirābādi (1924–2010) – actress
    • Mahin Shahābi (fa) (1936–2010) – actress
    • Mahmoud Bahrāmi (fa) (1937–2010) – actor
    • Rezā Karam-Rezāei (fa) (1937–2010) – actor
    • Nemat Haghighi (fa) (1939–2010) – film director
    • Mohammad Varshowchi (fa) (1925–2011) – actor
    • Mehri Vedādiān (fa) (1936–2011) – actress
    • Mohsen Yousefbeig (fa) (1940–2011) – actor
    • Esfandiār Ahmadieh (1929–2012) – film director
    • Hamid Samandariān (1931–2012) – theater director
    • Shāpour Gharib (1933–2012) – film director
    • Abdollāh Boutimār (fa) (1933–2012) – actor
    • Touti Salimi (fa) (1954–2012) – actress
    • Taghi Rouhāni (1920–2013) – news anchor
    • Saadi Afshār (fa) (1934–2013) – actor
    • Jahāngir Jahāngiri (fa) (1946–2013) – film director
    • Asal Badiei (1977–2013) – actress
    • Mortezā Ahmadi (1924–2014) – actor
    • Hassan Raziāni (fa) (1931–2014) – actor
    • Māziār Partow (1933–2014) – film director
    • Nāser Gitijāh (fa) (1935–2014) – actor
    • Anoushirvān Arjmand (1941–2014) – actor
    • Bāgher Sahrāroudi (fa) (1942–2014) – actor
    • Akhtar Karimi Zand (fa) (1928–2015) – actress
    • Valiollāh Momeni (1943–2015) – actor
    • Homā Roustā (1944–2015) – actress
    • Iraj Karimi (fr) (1953–2015) – film director
    • Mostafā Abdollāhi (1955–2015) – actor
    • Ali Tabātabāei (1983–2015) – actor
    • Parviz Shāhinkhoo (fa) (1915–2016) – actor
    • Dāvoud Rashidi (1933–2016) – actor
    • Jafar Vāli (fa) (1934–2016) – actor
    • Mohammad Zarrindast (1934–2016) – film director
    • Forouzān (1937–2016) – actress
    • Sorayyā Beheshti (fa) (1951–2016) – actress
    • Donyā Fanizādeh (1967–2016) – puppeteer
    • Ali Rāmez (fa) (1927–2017) – actor
    • Mohammad Poursattār (1939–2017) – actor
    • Kāzem Afrandniā (1945–2017) – actor
    • Ali Moallem (fa) (1962–2017) – film critic
    • Hassan Joharchi (1968–2017) – actor
    • Nāser Malek-Motiei (1930–2018) – actor
    • Iraj Safdari (1939–2018) – make-up artist
    • Ezzatolāh Entezāmi (1924–2018) – actor
    • Hossein Erfāni (1942–2018) – voice actor
    • Hossein Shahāb (fa) (1947–2018) – actor
    • Yadollāh Samadi (1951–2018) – film director
    • Karim Zargar (fa) (1953–2018) – actor
    • Saeid Kangarāni (1954–2018) – actor
    • Dāriush Asadzādeh (fa) (1923–2019) – actor
    • Nosrat Karimi (1924–2019) – actor
    • Shahlā Riāhi (1927–2019) – actress
    • Rezā Abdi (fa) (1931–2019) – actor
    • Jamshid Mashāyekhi (1934–2019) – actor
    • Ebrāhim Ābādi (1934–2019) – actor
    • Rezā Safāei (fa) (1936–2019) – film director
    • Zobeideh Jahāngiri (fa) (1942–2019) – actress
    • Farrokh Sājedi (fa) (1942–2019) – actor
    • Habib Kāvosh (fa) (1944–2019) – film director
    • Hamid Soheili (fa) (1949–2019) – film director
    • Hossein Moheb-Ahari (fa) (1951–2019) – actor
    • Khashāyār Alvand (fa) (1967–2019) – screenwriter
    • Nosratollāh Vahdat (1925–2020) – actor
    • Mohammad-Ali Keshāvarz (1930–2020) – actor
    • Valiollāh Shirandāmi (fa) (1931–2020) – actor
    • Sedigheh Kiānfar (1932–2020) – actress
    • Malakeh Ranjbar (fa) (1936–2020) – actress
    • Ahmad Pourmokhber (fa) (1940–2020) – actor
    • Khosrow Sināei (1941–2020) – film director
    • Parviz Poorhosseini (1941–2020) – actor
    • Bahman Mofid (1942–2020) – actor
    • Cyrus Gorjestāni (fa) (1945–2020) – actor
    • Nouri Kasrāei (fa) (1951–2020) – actress
    • Karim Akbari Mobārakeh (1953–2020) – actor
    • Siāmak Shāyeghi (1954–2020) – film director
    • Kāmboziā Partovi (1955–2020) – film director
    • Ali Abolhassani (fa) (1972–2020) – actor

Athletes

Businessmen and philanthropists
    • Mohammad-Ali Mofarrah (fa) (1915–1983) – businessman and founder of Bank Saderat Iran
    • Gholāmali Abidi (fa) (1920–2004) – scholar and businessman
    • Mohammad-Taghi Barkhordār (1924–2012) – businessman
    • Ahmad Atāei (fa) (1919–2013) – philanthropist
    • Fereydoun Novin Farahbakhsh (fa) (1930–2013) – businessman and collector
    • Mahāfarid Amir-Khosravi (1969–2014) – businessman
    • Abdorrahim Jafari (fa) (1919–2015) – philanthropist
    • Rezā Niāzmand (fa) (1921–2017) – philanthropist
    • Asghar Ghandchi (1928–2019) – philanthropist

Others

In addition to tombs of the royals, politicians, and other significant people, in the graveyard there are symbolic tombs for the perpetrators of the 1983 Hezbollah attacks on the U.S. Marine and French peacekeepers' barracks in Beirut and for the assassin of Anwar Sadat, Khalid Islambouli.[2] Similarly, a symbolic tomb was erected in the cemetery for Hezbollah member Imad Mughniyah, who was killed on 12 February 2008 in Damascus, Syria.[5]

Images

See also

References
  1. Sahimi, Mohammad (3 February 2010). "The Ten Days That Changed Iran". Los Angeles: PBS. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  2. Alfoneh, Ali (Winter 2007). "Iran's Suicide Brigades". Middle East Quarterly. XIV (7): 37–44. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
  3. Thomas Goltz (8 April 2015). Azerbaijan Diary: A Rogue Reporter's Adventures in an Oil-rich, War-torn, Post-Soviet Republic. Routledge. pp. 442–. ISBN 978-1-317-47624-5.
  4. Scott Peterson (21 September 2010). Let the Swords Encircle Me: Iran – A Journey Behind the Headlines. Simon & Schuster. pp. 701. ISBN 978-1-4165-9739-1. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  5. Chalhoub, Elie (14 February 2012). "Imad Mughniyeh in Iran: The Stuff of Legends". Al Akhbar. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
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